GPD and TMD measurements at the EIC: Mapping the position and motion of quarks and gluons in nuclear matter

The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is envisioned as the next-generation U.S. facility to study quarks and gluons in strongly interacting matter. The broad physics program of the EIC aims to precisely image quarks and gluons in nucleons and nuclei and to reveal the origin of the nucleon spin by colliding polarized electrons with polarized protons, polarized light ions, and heavy nuclei at high luminosity. In my presentation, I will discuss why the EIC is not only the next natural step for our field but also why it has the potential to revolutionize nuclear physics. I will focus on the study of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) and transverse-momentum distributions (TMDs) which allow to map the position and motion of quarks and gluons in nuclear matter.