From Chronological to Responsive Tracking: Optimizing LDRs in Arduino-Controlled Solar Systems

Solar tracking is a cost-efficient method for increasing the power output of photovoltaic systems by ensuring that panels remain aligned with the sun throughout the day. Previous research at Georgia College & State University explored single-axis solar tracking using a time-based rotation method. Still, results showed that the panels often failed to match the sun's trajectory, especially under variable weather conditions. This project focuses on enhancing system responsiveness by optimizing the utilization of light-dependent resistors (LDRs) and utilizing Arduino-based control. LDR sensors are used to continuously measure solar intensity, with Arduino analyzing the data and generating motor commands to adjust panel orientation. To improve performance, the design incorporates differential sensor measurements, shielding to reduce heat interference, and refined motor algorithms. The expected outcome is a more efficient and weather-resilient solar tracking system that increases energy capture while reducing unnecessary motor wear.