Cidtonium: A Hypothetical Fundamental Atom Underlying the Structure of Photons in the Universe

Human understanding of matter has progressed from the ancient four-element model to molecular and atomic theories grounded in quantum mechanics. Among the known elements, hydrogen is considered the simplest and most fundamental, forming the basis of the periodic table through the addition of protons, neutrons, and electrons. In this study, we advance a novel interpretation in which the photon itself—traditionally seen as a massless energy carrier—is reclassified as a composite particle, made of a more elementary constituent we introduce as Cidtonium.

Building on previous work proposing photon-based internal models of the electron, proton, and neutron, we suggest that the photon, too, is not truly fundamental. Instead, it is composed of dynamic arrangements of Cidtonium particles. As hydrogen serves as the “mother atom” of the periodic table, we propose Cidtonium as the atom of the photon and, by extension, the ultimate building block of all known matter.

This framework offers a new layer of structure in particle physics and could inspire future models beyond the Standard Model, potentially reconciling classical fields, quantum behavior, and cosmological evolution under a unified particle hierarchy.