Ten Novel Applications and Consequences of the Universally Valid Hubble's Law: Including Evidence for Cosmic Rotation

Hubble’s Law, traditionally interpreted as a linear relationship between the recessional velocity of galaxies and their distance from Earth, remains a cornerstone of modern cosmology:

𝑉=𝐻𝐷

where H is the Hubble constant and D the distance to the galaxy. This work explores ten innovative and expanded applications of Hubble’s Law, offering a revised interpretation grounded in the hypothesis that the Universe undergoes large-scale rotational motion.

Among the key implications presented are:

1. the reinterpretation of galaxy velocities as tangential rather than purely radial,

2. identifying Hubble’s constant as the angular velocity of cosmic rotation,

3. deriving the rotational speed of the Universe, and

4. providing kinematic and energetic models for celestial objects.

Further applications include

5. deriving velocity and energy equations for galaxies,

6. validating cosmic expansion, and

7. proposing a geometric model for the Universe’s structure based on rotational dynamics.

Additionally, this study presents

8. indirect evidence for the superluminal motion of distant galaxies as implied by Hubble’s Law at cosmological scales,

9. a new perspective on the total energy budget of the Universe using Monte Carlo methods, and

10. a framework for recalculating the Universe’s temporal evolution from origin to endpoint.

This reinterpretation opens a path to reconciling cosmic expansion with global rotation, potentially reframing the fundamental structure and dynamics of the Universe.