Defect substructures in laser shocked and plate impacted monocrystalline copper

ORAL

Abstract

Monocrystalline copper samples with orientations of [001] and [221] were shocked at pressures ranging from 20 GPa to 60 GPa using two techniques: direct drive lasers and explosively driven flyer plates. The pulse duration for these techniques differed substantially: 2 ns for the laser experiments and 1.1---1.4 us for the flyer-plate experiments. The residual microstructures were dependent on orientation, pressure, and shocking method. The much shorter pulse duration in laser shock yielded recovery microstructures with no or limited dislocation motion. For the flyer-plate experiments, the longer pulse duration allow shock-generated defects to reorganize into lower energy configurations. Calculations show that the post shock cooling occurs in a time scale of 0.2 s for laser shock and 1000 s for plate-impact shock, propitiating recovery and recrystallization conditions for the latter. At the higher pressure level extensive recrystallization was observed in the plate-impact samples, while it was absent in laser shock. An effect that is proposed to contribute significantly to the formation of recrystallized regions is the existence of micro-shearbands, which increase the local temperature.

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Authors

  • Bu Yang Cao

  • J.M. Winey

    Impact Physics Lab, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, OH 45469, IPCP RAS, Marquette University, PCS, Cavendish Laboratory, UK, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, RRC Kurchatov Institute, Institute for High Energy Densities Russian Academy of Science, LLNL, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, UR/LLE, LBL, UBC, DPTA, CEA-DAM (France), T- Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, UC Berkeley, LLE, CEA, PCS, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK, AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, UK, Sandia National Laboratories, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, West Bethesda, MD 20817-5700, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Peter Lee Consulting Ltd, RFNC-VNIITF, Snezhinsk, Russia, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia, Novosibirsk State Technical University, K. Marx Ave, 20, 630092, Novosibirsk, Russia, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, Rutgers University, Physics and Chemistry of Solids Group, Cavendish Laboratory, UK, Department of Petrology of Moscow State University, Institute for High Energy Densities RAS, UCSD, LANL, AWE, Univ. of Oxford, Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, CEA - DAM Ile de France - DPTA/PMC - France, Cranfield University, QinetiQ, Ively Road, Farnborough, Hampshire, GU14 0LX, UK, CEA/DAM, RFNC-VNIITF, RFNC - VNIIEF, TAM, University of Illinois, DX-1, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Laboratory, Dahlgren, VA 22448-5100, Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, Kyushu University, Energetic Materials Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Russian Federal Nuclear Center All-Russia Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Savor, Russia, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Washington State University, US Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, RFNC-VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia, IHED RAS, Moscow, Russia, Applied Mechanics and Engineering Science, University of California - San Diego, QinetiQ plc, Fort Halstead, Sevenoaks, Kent UK, Alpine, UT 84004, RFNC-VNIIEF, U.S. Army TACOM-ARDEC, Picatinny, NJ 07806 USA, General Atomics, San Diego, CA 92121 USA, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso. TX 79968 USA, RAFAEL, P.O. Box 2250, Haifa, Israel, Tokyo Institute of Technology, PCS, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, B3 0HE, UK, CORVID Technologies, 149 Plantation Ridge Drive, Suite 170, Mooresville, NC 28117, USA, Marquette University, Department of Mechanical Engineering,1515 W.Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53233, USA, Albuquerque, NM, Department of Extreme States of Matter, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow Region, Russia, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Laboratory, Dahlgren, VA 22448-5100, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, University of California-Berkeley, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, LLE, Univ Rochester, University of Osaka, University of Belfast, CEA Bruy\`{e}res le chatel, Observatoire de Meudon, Ecole Polytechnique, U.C. Berkeley, University of Rochester, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (State University), Russian Federal Nuclear Center – Institute of Technical Physics, P. O. Box 245, Snezhinsk, Chelyabinsk region, 456770 Russia, Beijing Institute of Technology, TAM, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, MIE, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USAFRL, Munitions Directorate, Eglin AFB, University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK. CB3 0HE, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Center for Energetic Concepts Development, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, Sandia National laboratory, Albuquerque, NM 87185, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, RFNC--VNIIEF, 607190, Sarov, Russia, AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, RG7 4PR, UK, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, Research Center of Dynamics of the St.-Petersburg State University, RFNC-VNIIEF, 607190, Sarov, Russia, VNIIEF, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Sojo University, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan, Shock Wave and Condensed Matter Research Center, Kumamoto University, Graduate student, Kumamoto University, University of Missouri-Columbia, U.S. Army Research Office, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for High Energy Densities of Russian Academy of Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Energetic Materials Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Manchester, P.O. Box 88, Sackville Street, Manchester, M60 1QD, United Kingdom., Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, SN6 8LA, United Kingdom., RFNC-VNIITF, Snezhinsk, RFNC-VNIITF, Russia, BAE Land Systems, Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom., University of Texas at Austin, Research Center for Explosion Safety, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Laboratorie pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, Ecole Polytechnique, Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Caltech, University of Florida, Shalimar, FL, USA, AFRL, Eglin AFB, FL, USA, University of Cassino, Chemistry Department, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, IHED RAS, Kansei Fukushi Laboratory, Tohoku Fukushi University, Institute for Materials Reserch, Tohoku Univeisity, Materials and Structural Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Osaka Univ., Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang Natl. Lab. for Matls. Sci., Inst. of Metal, China, Mat. Sci and Eng. Program, University of California, San Diego, Paul Scherrer Institute, University of Manchester, Kansei Fukushi Research Center, Tohoku Fukushi University, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, University of Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, UK, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA, Kumamoto University, DRDC-Suffield, Canada, McGill University, Canada, Chinese Academy of Physical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Michigan Tech University

  • J.M. Winey

    Impact Physics Lab, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, OH 45469, IPCP RAS, Marquette University, PCS, Cavendish Laboratory, UK, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, RRC Kurchatov Institute, Institute for High Energy Densities Russian Academy of Science, LLNL, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, UR/LLE, LBL, UBC, DPTA, CEA-DAM (France), T- Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, UC Berkeley, LLE, CEA, PCS, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK, AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, UK, Sandia National Laboratories, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, West Bethesda, MD 20817-5700, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Peter Lee Consulting Ltd, RFNC-VNIITF, Snezhinsk, Russia, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia, Novosibirsk State Technical University, K. Marx Ave, 20, 630092, Novosibirsk, Russia, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, Rutgers University, Physics and Chemistry of Solids Group, Cavendish Laboratory, UK, Department of Petrology of Moscow State University, Institute for High Energy Densities RAS, UCSD, LANL, AWE, Univ. of Oxford, Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, CEA - DAM Ile de France - DPTA/PMC - France, Cranfield University, QinetiQ, Ively Road, Farnborough, Hampshire, GU14 0LX, UK, CEA/DAM, RFNC-VNIITF, RFNC - VNIIEF, TAM, University of Illinois, DX-1, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Laboratory, Dahlgren, VA 22448-5100, Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, Kyushu University, Energetic Materials Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Russian Federal Nuclear Center All-Russia Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Savor, Russia, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Washington State University, US Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, RFNC-VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia, IHED RAS, Moscow, Russia, Applied Mechanics and Engineering Science, University of California - San Diego, QinetiQ plc, Fort Halstead, Sevenoaks, Kent UK, Alpine, UT 84004, RFNC-VNIIEF, U.S. Army TACOM-ARDEC, Picatinny, NJ 07806 USA, General Atomics, San Diego, CA 92121 USA, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso. TX 79968 USA, RAFAEL, P.O. Box 2250, Haifa, Israel, Tokyo Institute of Technology, PCS, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, B3 0HE, UK, CORVID Technologies, 149 Plantation Ridge Drive, Suite 170, Mooresville, NC 28117, USA, Marquette University, Department of Mechanical Engineering,1515 W.Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53233, USA, Albuquerque, NM, Department of Extreme States of Matter, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow Region, Russia, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Laboratory, Dahlgren, VA 22448-5100, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, University of California-Berkeley, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, LLE, Univ Rochester, University of Osaka, University of Belfast, CEA Bruy\`{e}res le chatel, Observatoire de Meudon, Ecole Polytechnique, U.C. Berkeley, University of Rochester, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (State University), Russian Federal Nuclear Center – Institute of Technical Physics, P. O. Box 245, Snezhinsk, Chelyabinsk region, 456770 Russia, Beijing Institute of Technology, TAM, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, MIE, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USAFRL, Munitions Directorate, Eglin AFB, University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK. CB3 0HE, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Center for Energetic Concepts Development, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, Sandia National laboratory, Albuquerque, NM 87185, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, RFNC--VNIIEF, 607190, Sarov, Russia, AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, RG7 4PR, UK, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, Research Center of Dynamics of the St.-Petersburg State University, RFNC-VNIIEF, 607190, Sarov, Russia, VNIIEF, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Sojo University, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan, Shock Wave and Condensed Matter Research Center, Kumamoto University, Graduate student, Kumamoto University, University of Missouri-Columbia, U.S. Army Research Office, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for High Energy Densities of Russian Academy of Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Energetic Materials Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Manchester, P.O. Box 88, Sackville Street, Manchester, M60 1QD, United Kingdom., Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, SN6 8LA, United Kingdom., RFNC-VNIITF, Snezhinsk, RFNC-VNIITF, Russia, BAE Land Systems, Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom., University of Texas at Austin, Research Center for Explosion Safety, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Laboratorie pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, Ecole Polytechnique, Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Caltech, University of Florida, Shalimar, FL, USA, AFRL, Eglin AFB, FL, USA, University of Cassino, Chemistry Department, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, IHED RAS, Kansei Fukushi Laboratory, Tohoku Fukushi University, Institute for Materials Reserch, Tohoku Univeisity, Materials and Structural Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Osaka Univ., Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang Natl. Lab. for Matls. Sci., Inst. of Metal, China, Mat. Sci and Eng. Program, University of California, San Diego, Paul Scherrer Institute, University of Manchester, Kansei Fukushi Research Center, Tohoku Fukushi University, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, University of Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, UK, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA, Kumamoto University, DRDC-Suffield, Canada, McGill University, Canada, Chinese Academy of Physical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Michigan Tech University

  • J.M. Winey

    Impact Physics Lab, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, OH 45469, IPCP RAS, Marquette University, PCS, Cavendish Laboratory, UK, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, RRC Kurchatov Institute, Institute for High Energy Densities Russian Academy of Science, LLNL, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, UR/LLE, LBL, UBC, DPTA, CEA-DAM (France), T- Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, UC Berkeley, LLE, CEA, PCS, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK, AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, UK, Sandia National Laboratories, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, West Bethesda, MD 20817-5700, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Peter Lee Consulting Ltd, RFNC-VNIITF, Snezhinsk, Russia, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia, Novosibirsk State Technical University, K. Marx Ave, 20, 630092, Novosibirsk, Russia, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, Rutgers University, Physics and Chemistry of Solids Group, Cavendish Laboratory, UK, Department of Petrology of Moscow State University, Institute for High Energy Densities RAS, UCSD, LANL, AWE, Univ. of Oxford, Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, CEA - DAM Ile de France - DPTA/PMC - France, Cranfield University, QinetiQ, Ively Road, Farnborough, Hampshire, GU14 0LX, UK, CEA/DAM, RFNC-VNIITF, RFNC - VNIIEF, TAM, University of Illinois, DX-1, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Laboratory, Dahlgren, VA 22448-5100, Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, Kyushu University, Energetic Materials Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Russian Federal Nuclear Center All-Russia Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Savor, Russia, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Washington State University, US Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, RFNC-VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia, IHED RAS, Moscow, Russia, Applied Mechanics and Engineering Science, University of California - San Diego, QinetiQ plc, Fort Halstead, Sevenoaks, Kent UK, Alpine, UT 84004, RFNC-VNIIEF, U.S. Army TACOM-ARDEC, Picatinny, NJ 07806 USA, General Atomics, San Diego, CA 92121 USA, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso. TX 79968 USA, RAFAEL, P.O. Box 2250, Haifa, Israel, Tokyo Institute of Technology, PCS, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, B3 0HE, UK, CORVID Technologies, 149 Plantation Ridge Drive, Suite 170, Mooresville, NC 28117, USA, Marquette University, Department of Mechanical Engineering,1515 W.Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53233, USA, Albuquerque, NM, Department of Extreme States of Matter, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow Region, Russia, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Laboratory, Dahlgren, VA 22448-5100, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, University of California-Berkeley, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, LLE, Univ Rochester, University of Osaka, University of Belfast, CEA Bruy\`{e}res le chatel, Observatoire de Meudon, Ecole Polytechnique, U.C. Berkeley, University of Rochester, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (State University), Russian Federal Nuclear Center – Institute of Technical Physics, P. O. Box 245, Snezhinsk, Chelyabinsk region, 456770 Russia, Beijing Institute of Technology, TAM, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, MIE, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USAFRL, Munitions Directorate, Eglin AFB, University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK. CB3 0HE, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Center for Energetic Concepts Development, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, Sandia National laboratory, Albuquerque, NM 87185, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, RFNC--VNIIEF, 607190, Sarov, Russia, AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, RG7 4PR, UK, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, Research Center of Dynamics of the St.-Petersburg State University, RFNC-VNIIEF, 607190, Sarov, Russia, VNIIEF, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Sojo University, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan, Shock Wave and Condensed Matter Research Center, Kumamoto University, Graduate student, Kumamoto University, University of Missouri-Columbia, U.S. Army Research Office, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for High Energy Densities of Russian Academy of Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Energetic Materials Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Manchester, P.O. Box 88, Sackville Street, Manchester, M60 1QD, United Kingdom., Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, SN6 8LA, United Kingdom., RFNC-VNIITF, Snezhinsk, RFNC-VNIITF, Russia, BAE Land Systems, Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom., University of Texas at Austin, Research Center for Explosion Safety, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Laboratorie pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, Ecole Polytechnique, Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Caltech, University of Florida, Shalimar, FL, USA, AFRL, Eglin AFB, FL, USA, University of Cassino, Chemistry Department, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, IHED RAS, Kansei Fukushi Laboratory, Tohoku Fukushi University, Institute for Materials Reserch, Tohoku Univeisity, Materials and Structural Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Osaka Univ., Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang Natl. Lab. for Matls. Sci., Inst. of Metal, China, Mat. Sci and Eng. Program, University of California, San Diego, Paul Scherrer Institute, University of Manchester, Kansei Fukushi Research Center, Tohoku Fukushi University, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, University of Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, UK, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA, Kumamoto University, DRDC-Suffield, Canada, McGill University, Canada, Chinese Academy of Physical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Michigan Tech University

  • J.M. Winey

    Impact Physics Lab, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, OH 45469, IPCP RAS, Marquette University, PCS, Cavendish Laboratory, UK, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, RRC Kurchatov Institute, Institute for High Energy Densities Russian Academy of Science, LLNL, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, UR/LLE, LBL, UBC, DPTA, CEA-DAM (France), T- Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, UC Berkeley, LLE, CEA, PCS, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK, AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, UK, Sandia National Laboratories, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, West Bethesda, MD 20817-5700, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Peter Lee Consulting Ltd, RFNC-VNIITF, Snezhinsk, Russia, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia, Novosibirsk State Technical University, K. Marx Ave, 20, 630092, Novosibirsk, Russia, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, Rutgers University, Physics and Chemistry of Solids Group, Cavendish Laboratory, UK, Department of Petrology of Moscow State University, Institute for High Energy Densities RAS, UCSD, LANL, AWE, Univ. of Oxford, Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, CEA - DAM Ile de France - DPTA/PMC - France, Cranfield University, QinetiQ, Ively Road, Farnborough, Hampshire, GU14 0LX, UK, CEA/DAM, RFNC-VNIITF, RFNC - VNIIEF, TAM, University of Illinois, DX-1, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Laboratory, Dahlgren, VA 22448-5100, Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, Kyushu University, Energetic Materials Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Russian Federal Nuclear Center All-Russia Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Savor, Russia, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Washington State University, US Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, RFNC-VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia, IHED RAS, Moscow, Russia, Applied Mechanics and Engineering Science, University of California - San Diego, QinetiQ plc, Fort Halstead, Sevenoaks, Kent UK, Alpine, UT 84004, RFNC-VNIIEF, U.S. Army TACOM-ARDEC, Picatinny, NJ 07806 USA, General Atomics, San Diego, CA 92121 USA, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso. TX 79968 USA, RAFAEL, P.O. Box 2250, Haifa, Israel, Tokyo Institute of Technology, PCS, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, B3 0HE, UK, CORVID Technologies, 149 Plantation Ridge Drive, Suite 170, Mooresville, NC 28117, USA, Marquette University, Department of Mechanical Engineering,1515 W.Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53233, USA, Albuquerque, NM, Department of Extreme States of Matter, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow Region, Russia, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Laboratory, Dahlgren, VA 22448-5100, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, University of California-Berkeley, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, LLE, Univ Rochester, University of Osaka, University of Belfast, CEA Bruy\`{e}res le chatel, Observatoire de Meudon, Ecole Polytechnique, U.C. Berkeley, University of Rochester, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (State University), Russian Federal Nuclear Center – Institute of Technical Physics, P. O. Box 245, Snezhinsk, Chelyabinsk region, 456770 Russia, Beijing Institute of Technology, TAM, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, MIE, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USAFRL, Munitions Directorate, Eglin AFB, University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK. CB3 0HE, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Center for Energetic Concepts Development, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, Sandia National laboratory, Albuquerque, NM 87185, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, RFNC--VNIIEF, 607190, Sarov, Russia, AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, RG7 4PR, UK, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, Research Center of Dynamics of the St.-Petersburg State University, RFNC-VNIIEF, 607190, Sarov, Russia, VNIIEF, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Sojo University, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan, Shock Wave and Condensed Matter Research Center, Kumamoto University, Graduate student, Kumamoto University, University of Missouri-Columbia, U.S. Army Research Office, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for High Energy Densities of Russian Academy of Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Energetic Materials Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Manchester, P.O. Box 88, Sackville Street, Manchester, M60 1QD, United Kingdom., Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, SN6 8LA, United Kingdom., RFNC-VNIITF, Snezhinsk, RFNC-VNIITF, Russia, BAE Land Systems, Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom., University of Texas at Austin, Research Center for Explosion Safety, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Laboratorie pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, Ecole Polytechnique, Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Caltech, University of Florida, Shalimar, FL, USA, AFRL, Eglin AFB, FL, USA, University of Cassino, Chemistry Department, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, IHED RAS, Kansei Fukushi Laboratory, Tohoku Fukushi University, Institute for Materials Reserch, Tohoku Univeisity, Materials and Structural Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Osaka Univ., Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang Natl. Lab. for Matls. Sci., Inst. of Metal, China, Mat. Sci and Eng. Program, University of California, San Diego, Paul Scherrer Institute, University of Manchester, Kansei Fukushi Research Center, Tohoku Fukushi University, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, University of Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, UK, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA, Kumamoto University, DRDC-Suffield, Canada, McGill University, Canada, Chinese Academy of Physical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Michigan Tech University

  • J.M. Winey

    Impact Physics Lab, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, OH 45469, IPCP RAS, Marquette University, PCS, Cavendish Laboratory, UK, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, RRC Kurchatov Institute, Institute for High Energy Densities Russian Academy of Science, LLNL, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, UR/LLE, LBL, UBC, DPTA, CEA-DAM (France), T- Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, UC Berkeley, LLE, CEA, PCS, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK, AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, UK, Sandia National Laboratories, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, West Bethesda, MD 20817-5700, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Peter Lee Consulting Ltd, RFNC-VNIITF, Snezhinsk, Russia, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia, Novosibirsk State Technical University, K. Marx Ave, 20, 630092, Novosibirsk, Russia, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, Rutgers University, Physics and Chemistry of Solids Group, Cavendish Laboratory, UK, Department of Petrology of Moscow State University, Institute for High Energy Densities RAS, UCSD, LANL, AWE, Univ. of Oxford, Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, CEA - DAM Ile de France - DPTA/PMC - France, Cranfield University, QinetiQ, Ively Road, Farnborough, Hampshire, GU14 0LX, UK, CEA/DAM, RFNC-VNIITF, RFNC - VNIIEF, TAM, University of Illinois, DX-1, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Laboratory, Dahlgren, VA 22448-5100, Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, Kyushu University, Energetic Materials Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Russian Federal Nuclear Center All-Russia Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Savor, Russia, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Washington State University, US Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, RFNC-VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia, IHED RAS, Moscow, Russia, Applied Mechanics and Engineering Science, University of California - San Diego, QinetiQ plc, Fort Halstead, Sevenoaks, Kent UK, Alpine, UT 84004, RFNC-VNIIEF, U.S. Army TACOM-ARDEC, Picatinny, NJ 07806 USA, General Atomics, San Diego, CA 92121 USA, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso. TX 79968 USA, RAFAEL, P.O. Box 2250, Haifa, Israel, Tokyo Institute of Technology, PCS, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, B3 0HE, UK, CORVID Technologies, 149 Plantation Ridge Drive, Suite 170, Mooresville, NC 28117, USA, Marquette University, Department of Mechanical Engineering,1515 W.Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53233, USA, Albuquerque, NM, Department of Extreme States of Matter, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow Region, Russia, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Laboratory, Dahlgren, VA 22448-5100, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, University of California-Berkeley, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, LLE, Univ Rochester, University of Osaka, University of Belfast, CEA Bruy\`{e}res le chatel, Observatoire de Meudon, Ecole Polytechnique, U.C. Berkeley, University of Rochester, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (State University), Russian Federal Nuclear Center – Institute of Technical Physics, P. O. Box 245, Snezhinsk, Chelyabinsk region, 456770 Russia, Beijing Institute of Technology, TAM, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, MIE, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USAFRL, Munitions Directorate, Eglin AFB, University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK. CB3 0HE, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Center for Energetic Concepts Development, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, Sandia National laboratory, Albuquerque, NM 87185, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, RFNC--VNIIEF, 607190, Sarov, Russia, AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, RG7 4PR, UK, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, Research Center of Dynamics of the St.-Petersburg State University, RFNC-VNIIEF, 607190, Sarov, Russia, VNIIEF, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Sojo University, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan, Shock Wave and Condensed Matter Research Center, Kumamoto University, Graduate student, Kumamoto University, University of Missouri-Columbia, U.S. Army Research Office, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for High Energy Densities of Russian Academy of Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Energetic Materials Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Manchester, P.O. Box 88, Sackville Street, Manchester, M60 1QD, United Kingdom., Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, SN6 8LA, United Kingdom., RFNC-VNIITF, Snezhinsk, RFNC-VNIITF, Russia, BAE Land Systems, Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom., University of Texas at Austin, Research Center for Explosion Safety, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Laboratorie pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, Ecole Polytechnique, Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Caltech, University of Florida, Shalimar, FL, USA, AFRL, Eglin AFB, FL, USA, University of Cassino, Chemistry Department, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, IHED RAS, Kansei Fukushi Laboratory, Tohoku Fukushi University, Institute for Materials Reserch, Tohoku Univeisity, Materials and Structural Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Osaka Univ., Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang Natl. Lab. for Matls. Sci., Inst. of Metal, China, Mat. Sci and Eng. Program, University of California, San Diego, Paul Scherrer Institute, University of Manchester, Kansei Fukushi Research Center, Tohoku Fukushi University, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, University of Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, UK, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA, Kumamoto University, DRDC-Suffield, Canada, McGill University, Canada, Chinese Academy of Physical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Michigan Tech University

  • J.M. Winey

    Impact Physics Lab, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, OH 45469, IPCP RAS, Marquette University, PCS, Cavendish Laboratory, UK, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, RRC Kurchatov Institute, Institute for High Energy Densities Russian Academy of Science, LLNL, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, UR/LLE, LBL, UBC, DPTA, CEA-DAM (France), T- Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, UC Berkeley, LLE, CEA, PCS, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK, AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, UK, Sandia National Laboratories, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, West Bethesda, MD 20817-5700, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Peter Lee Consulting Ltd, RFNC-VNIITF, Snezhinsk, Russia, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia, Novosibirsk State Technical University, K. Marx Ave, 20, 630092, Novosibirsk, Russia, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, Rutgers University, Physics and Chemistry of Solids Group, Cavendish Laboratory, UK, Department of Petrology of Moscow State University, Institute for High Energy Densities RAS, UCSD, LANL, AWE, Univ. of Oxford, Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, CEA - DAM Ile de France - DPTA/PMC - France, Cranfield University, QinetiQ, Ively Road, Farnborough, Hampshire, GU14 0LX, UK, CEA/DAM, RFNC-VNIITF, RFNC - VNIIEF, TAM, University of Illinois, DX-1, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Laboratory, Dahlgren, VA 22448-5100, Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, Kyushu University, Energetic Materials Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Russian Federal Nuclear Center All-Russia Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Savor, Russia, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Washington State University, US Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, RFNC-VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia, IHED RAS, Moscow, Russia, Applied Mechanics and Engineering Science, University of California - San Diego, QinetiQ plc, Fort Halstead, Sevenoaks, Kent UK, Alpine, UT 84004, RFNC-VNIIEF, U.S. Army TACOM-ARDEC, Picatinny, NJ 07806 USA, General Atomics, San Diego, CA 92121 USA, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso. TX 79968 USA, RAFAEL, P.O. Box 2250, Haifa, Israel, Tokyo Institute of Technology, PCS, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, B3 0HE, UK, CORVID Technologies, 149 Plantation Ridge Drive, Suite 170, Mooresville, NC 28117, USA, Marquette University, Department of Mechanical Engineering,1515 W.Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53233, USA, Albuquerque, NM, Department of Extreme States of Matter, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow Region, Russia, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Laboratory, Dahlgren, VA 22448-5100, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, University of California-Berkeley, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, LLE, Univ Rochester, University of Osaka, University of Belfast, CEA Bruy\`{e}res le chatel, Observatoire de Meudon, Ecole Polytechnique, U.C. Berkeley, University of Rochester, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (State University), Russian Federal Nuclear Center – Institute of Technical Physics, P. O. Box 245, Snezhinsk, Chelyabinsk region, 456770 Russia, Beijing Institute of Technology, TAM, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, MIE, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USAFRL, Munitions Directorate, Eglin AFB, University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK. CB3 0HE, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Center for Energetic Concepts Development, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, Sandia National laboratory, Albuquerque, NM 87185, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, RFNC--VNIIEF, 607190, Sarov, Russia, AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, RG7 4PR, UK, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, Research Center of Dynamics of the St.-Petersburg State University, RFNC-VNIIEF, 607190, Sarov, Russia, VNIIEF, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Sojo University, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan, Shock Wave and Condensed Matter Research Center, Kumamoto University, Graduate student, Kumamoto University, University of Missouri-Columbia, U.S. Army Research Office, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for High Energy Densities of Russian Academy of Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Energetic Materials Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Manchester, P.O. Box 88, Sackville Street, Manchester, M60 1QD, United Kingdom., Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, SN6 8LA, United Kingdom., RFNC-VNIITF, Snezhinsk, RFNC-VNIITF, Russia, BAE Land Systems, Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom., University of Texas at Austin, Research Center for Explosion Safety, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Laboratorie pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, Ecole Polytechnique, Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Caltech, University of Florida, Shalimar, FL, USA, AFRL, Eglin AFB, FL, USA, University of Cassino, Chemistry Department, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, IHED RAS, Kansei Fukushi Laboratory, Tohoku Fukushi University, Institute for Materials Reserch, Tohoku Univeisity, Materials and Structural Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Osaka Univ., Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang Natl. Lab. for Matls. Sci., Inst. of Metal, China, Mat. Sci and Eng. Program, University of California, San Diego, Paul Scherrer Institute, University of Manchester, Kansei Fukushi Research Center, Tohoku Fukushi University, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, University of Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, UK, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA, Kumamoto University, DRDC-Suffield, Canada, McGill University, Canada, Chinese Academy of Physical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Michigan Tech University