Thermodynamics of MgO shocked to 250 GPa and 9000~K

Yasuyuki Horie; Yasuyuki Horie; Yasuyuki Horie

Thermodynamics of MgO shocked to 250 GPa and 9000~K

ORAL

Abstract

Plate impact experiments in the 200-250 GPa pressure range were done on $<$100$>$ single-crystal MgO preheated before compression to 1850 K. Hot Mo(driver)-MgO targets were impacted with Ta flyers launched by the Caltech two-stage light-gas gun up to 7.5 km/s. Radiative temperatures and shock velocities were measured with 3-5\% and 1-2\% respective uncertainty by a 6-channel pyrometer with 3 ns time resolution, over 500-900 nm spectral range. MgO shock front reflectivity was determined in additional experiments at 220 and 250 GPa using $_{\verb1~1}$50/50 high-temperature sapphire beamsplitters. Shock temperatures and preheated MgO Hugoniot data reported here are in good agreement with the corresponding values calculated using Mie-Gr\"{u}neisen equation of state with $\gamma_0$=1.4 and constant $\gamma/V$. Our experiments showed no evidence of MgO melting up to 250 GPa and 9.2 kK. The highest shock temperatures exceed the extrapolated melting curve of Zerr \& Boehler by $>$3000 K at 250 GPa, which seems too much for any realistic superheating.

June 28, 2011, 12:30 PM – June 28, 2011, 12:45 PM

Authors

Yasuyuki Horie

AFRL/RXBC, Georgia Institute of Technology, AFRL/RXLM and UES, Inc., CEA Valduc, QinetiQ Ltd, Fort Halstead, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, BMB Discount Guns, Ammunition, and Supplies, Alabama A\&M University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, WERC, Osaka University, Osaka University, JST-CREST, Los Alamos National Lab, University of Cambridge, UK, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, University of Cambridge, U.S. Army ARDEC, Ktech Corp. Albuquerque, NM 87123, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Institute for Problem in Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, RFNC - VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia, ITEP, Moscow, Russia, IPCP RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia, CEA, Centre DAM-Ile-de-France, Bruyeres-le-Chatel 91297, France, Russian Federal Nuclear Centre - Institute of Technical Physics, 456770 Snezhinsk, Russia, U. S. Army Research Laboratory, University of South Florida, Naval Research Laboratory, JIHT RAS, Moscow, Russia, Fracture and Shock Physics, SMF Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Ave., Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom, AWE Aldermaston, ASML Lithography Co., NSWC Indian Head Division, Washington State University, Armament Research Development \& Eng, Lawrence Livermore Nationa Laboratory, Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, White Sands Test Facility, NASA-Johnson Space Center, NASA-Glenn Research Center, SLAC, XFEL, Germany, Imperial College, UK, LULI, France, LLNL, IOP, Prague, U. of Jena, Germany, DESY, Germany, LCLS, LBNL, LBLN, U. of Oxford, UK, University of New Mexico, The Natural History Museum, UK, Open University, UK, University of Oxford, UK, ICB, UN Cuyo, Argentina, University of Rochester, General Atomics, Sandia, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Sandia National Lab, The University of Texas - Brownsville, The University of New Mexico, Wash. State Univ., Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185., Ktech Corp. Albuquerque, NM 87123., California Institute of Technology, CELIA, CEA-CESTA, CNRS, Marquette University, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University at Stony Brook, Tohoku University, Japan, Chubu University, Japan, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Department of Earth \& Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics CAEP, Laboratory of Shock wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics CAEP, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 U.S.A., Joint Institute for High Temperatures of RAS, Ben-Gurion University, Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Air Force Research Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, National Institute for Materials Science, Tohoku University, Hiroshima University, Fritz Haber Institute for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Bio-medical Engineering, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel, Materials and Process Simulation Center, 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia, Tomsk state university of architecture and building, Tomsk, 2 Solyanaya sq., Tomsk, 634003, Russia, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division, Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Univeristy, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Univeristy and Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Research Support Instruments, Ktech Corporation, Prism Computational Sciences, Corvid Technologies, The University of Tokyo, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China, UCSD, USA, Russian Federal Nuclear Center - Zababakhin Institute of Technical Physics, Snezhinsk, Russia, The Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center, SPring-8, National Defense Academy of Japan, Institute of Applied Physics and Computation Mathematics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Cornell University, St. Petersburg State University, failure-PREVENTION-associates(fPa)/THERMALLOY-TECHNOLOGY(TAT)/TATL, Ffailure-PREVENTION-associates(fPa)/THERMALLOY-TECHNOLOGY(TAT)/TATL, Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering RAS, National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, School of science, Wuhan University Technology, Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang, 621900, Institute of High Temperature and High Pressure Physics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 43007, JIHT RAS, MUCTR, Russia, IPCP RAS, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 76\# Wensu Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, PR China, 201800, Kobe U., Tokyo Inst. Tech., Chiba Instit. Tec., Osaka U., Hiroshima U., Nagoya University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Purdue University, UCSD, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology in China, Imperial College London, US Air Force, Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, P.R.China, 621900, AWE, CEA, DAM, Le Ripault, CEA, DAM, Le ripault, KTech Corporation, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, Oxford University, PIMM, CEA DAM/DIF, Lawrence Livermore National Lab and Dalhousie University, IRS, Universitaet Stuttgart, LASP, University of Colorado, Boulder, Universitaet der Bundeswehr, Muenchen, Germany, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany, Stanford University, PERC/Chitech, ILE, Osaka Univ., Univ. of Tokyo, Osaka Univ., Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Soreq NRC, Ben Gurion University, University of South Florida, Department of Physics, Tampa, Fl 33620, USA, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA, D\'epartement Th\'eorie et Simulation Num\'erique, CINaM, CNRS-UPR 3118, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France, D\'epartment de Physique Th\'eorique et Appliqu\'ee, CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruy\`eres-le-Ch\^atel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France, Kyushu University, The Johns Hopkins University, Army Research Laboratory, Queens University Belfast, University of Oxford, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, RIKEN SPring-8, Kumamoto University, Institut Pprime - UPR CNRS 3346, CEA-DAM DIF, PIMM - Arts et Metiers, CEA, DAM, Le Ripault, F-37260, Monts, France, CEA, DAM, DIF, F91297, Arpajon, France, USAF- Wright Labs
Yasuyuki Horie

AFRL/RXBC, Georgia Institute of Technology, AFRL/RXLM and UES, Inc., CEA Valduc, QinetiQ Ltd, Fort Halstead, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, BMB Discount Guns, Ammunition, and Supplies, Alabama A\&M University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, WERC, Osaka University, Osaka University, JST-CREST, Los Alamos National Lab, University of Cambridge, UK, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, University of Cambridge, U.S. Army ARDEC, Ktech Corp. Albuquerque, NM 87123, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Institute for Problem in Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, RFNC - VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia, ITEP, Moscow, Russia, IPCP RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia, CEA, Centre DAM-Ile-de-France, Bruyeres-le-Chatel 91297, France, Russian Federal Nuclear Centre - Institute of Technical Physics, 456770 Snezhinsk, Russia, U. S. Army Research Laboratory, University of South Florida, Naval Research Laboratory, JIHT RAS, Moscow, Russia, Fracture and Shock Physics, SMF Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Ave., Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom, AWE Aldermaston, ASML Lithography Co., NSWC Indian Head Division, Washington State University, Armament Research Development \& Eng, Lawrence Livermore Nationa Laboratory, Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, White Sands Test Facility, NASA-Johnson Space Center, NASA-Glenn Research Center, SLAC, XFEL, Germany, Imperial College, UK, LULI, France, LLNL, IOP, Prague, U. of Jena, Germany, DESY, Germany, LCLS, LBNL, LBLN, U. of Oxford, UK, University of New Mexico, The Natural History Museum, UK, Open University, UK, University of Oxford, UK, ICB, UN Cuyo, Argentina, University of Rochester, General Atomics, Sandia, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Sandia National Lab, The University of Texas - Brownsville, The University of New Mexico, Wash. State Univ., Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185., Ktech Corp. Albuquerque, NM 87123., California Institute of Technology, CELIA, CEA-CESTA, CNRS, Marquette University, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University at Stony Brook, Tohoku University, Japan, Chubu University, Japan, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Department of Earth \& Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics CAEP, Laboratory of Shock wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics CAEP, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 U.S.A., Joint Institute for High Temperatures of RAS, Ben-Gurion University, Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Air Force Research Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, National Institute for Materials Science, Tohoku University, Hiroshima University, Fritz Haber Institute for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Bio-medical Engineering, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel, Materials and Process Simulation Center, 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia, Tomsk state university of architecture and building, Tomsk, 2 Solyanaya sq., Tomsk, 634003, Russia, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division, Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Univeristy, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Univeristy and Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Research Support Instruments, Ktech Corporation, Prism Computational Sciences, Corvid Technologies, The University of Tokyo, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China, UCSD, USA, Russian Federal Nuclear Center - Zababakhin Institute of Technical Physics, Snezhinsk, Russia, The Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center, SPring-8, National Defense Academy of Japan, Institute of Applied Physics and Computation Mathematics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Cornell University, St. Petersburg State University, failure-PREVENTION-associates(fPa)/THERMALLOY-TECHNOLOGY(TAT)/TATL, Ffailure-PREVENTION-associates(fPa)/THERMALLOY-TECHNOLOGY(TAT)/TATL, Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering RAS, National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, School of science, Wuhan University Technology, Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang, 621900, Institute of High Temperature and High Pressure Physics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 43007, JIHT RAS, MUCTR, Russia, IPCP RAS, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 76\# Wensu Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, PR China, 201800, Kobe U., Tokyo Inst. Tech., Chiba Instit. Tec., Osaka U., Hiroshima U., Nagoya University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Purdue University, UCSD, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology in China, Imperial College London, US Air Force, Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, P.R.China, 621900, AWE, CEA, DAM, Le Ripault, CEA, DAM, Le ripault, KTech Corporation, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, Oxford University, PIMM, CEA DAM/DIF, Lawrence Livermore National Lab and Dalhousie University, IRS, Universitaet Stuttgart, LASP, University of Colorado, Boulder, Universitaet der Bundeswehr, Muenchen, Germany, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany, Stanford University, PERC/Chitech, ILE, Osaka Univ., Univ. of Tokyo, Osaka Univ., Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Soreq NRC, Ben Gurion University, University of South Florida, Department of Physics, Tampa, Fl 33620, USA, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA, D\'epartement Th\'eorie et Simulation Num\'erique, CINaM, CNRS-UPR 3118, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France, D\'epartment de Physique Th\'eorique et Appliqu\'ee, CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruy\`eres-le-Ch\^atel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France, Kyushu University, The Johns Hopkins University, Army Research Laboratory, Queens University Belfast, University of Oxford, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, RIKEN SPring-8, Kumamoto University, Institut Pprime - UPR CNRS 3346, CEA-DAM DIF, PIMM - Arts et Metiers, CEA, DAM, Le Ripault, F-37260, Monts, France, CEA, DAM, DIF, F91297, Arpajon, France, USAF- Wright Labs
Yasuyuki Horie

AFRL/RXBC, Georgia Institute of Technology, AFRL/RXLM and UES, Inc., CEA Valduc, QinetiQ Ltd, Fort Halstead, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, BMB Discount Guns, Ammunition, and Supplies, Alabama A\&M University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, WERC, Osaka University, Osaka University, JST-CREST, Los Alamos National Lab, University of Cambridge, UK, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, University of Cambridge, U.S. Army ARDEC, Ktech Corp. Albuquerque, NM 87123, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Institute for Problem in Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, RFNC - VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia, ITEP, Moscow, Russia, IPCP RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia, CEA, Centre DAM-Ile-de-France, Bruyeres-le-Chatel 91297, France, Russian Federal Nuclear Centre - Institute of Technical Physics, 456770 Snezhinsk, Russia, U. S. Army Research Laboratory, University of South Florida, Naval Research Laboratory, JIHT RAS, Moscow, Russia, Fracture and Shock Physics, SMF Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Ave., Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom, AWE Aldermaston, ASML Lithography Co., NSWC Indian Head Division, Washington State University, Armament Research Development \& Eng, Lawrence Livermore Nationa Laboratory, Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, White Sands Test Facility, NASA-Johnson Space Center, NASA-Glenn Research Center, SLAC, XFEL, Germany, Imperial College, UK, LULI, France, LLNL, IOP, Prague, U. of Jena, Germany, DESY, Germany, LCLS, LBNL, LBLN, U. of Oxford, UK, University of New Mexico, The Natural History Museum, UK, Open University, UK, University of Oxford, UK, ICB, UN Cuyo, Argentina, University of Rochester, General Atomics, Sandia, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Sandia National Lab, The University of Texas - Brownsville, The University of New Mexico, Wash. State Univ., Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185., Ktech Corp. Albuquerque, NM 87123., California Institute of Technology, CELIA, CEA-CESTA, CNRS, Marquette University, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University at Stony Brook, Tohoku University, Japan, Chubu University, Japan, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Department of Earth \& Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics CAEP, Laboratory of Shock wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics CAEP, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 U.S.A., Joint Institute for High Temperatures of RAS, Ben-Gurion University, Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Air Force Research Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, National Institute for Materials Science, Tohoku University, Hiroshima University, Fritz Haber Institute for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Bio-medical Engineering, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel, Materials and Process Simulation Center, 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia, Tomsk state university of architecture and building, Tomsk, 2 Solyanaya sq., Tomsk, 634003, Russia, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division, Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Univeristy, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Univeristy and Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Research Support Instruments, Ktech Corporation, Prism Computational Sciences, Corvid Technologies, The University of Tokyo, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China, UCSD, USA, Russian Federal Nuclear Center - Zababakhin Institute of Technical Physics, Snezhinsk, Russia, The Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center, SPring-8, National Defense Academy of Japan, Institute of Applied Physics and Computation Mathematics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Cornell University, St. Petersburg State University, failure-PREVENTION-associates(fPa)/THERMALLOY-TECHNOLOGY(TAT)/TATL, Ffailure-PREVENTION-associates(fPa)/THERMALLOY-TECHNOLOGY(TAT)/TATL, Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering RAS, National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, School of science, Wuhan University Technology, Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang, 621900, Institute of High Temperature and High Pressure Physics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 43007, JIHT RAS, MUCTR, Russia, IPCP RAS, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 76\# Wensu Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, PR China, 201800, Kobe U., Tokyo Inst. Tech., Chiba Instit. Tec., Osaka U., Hiroshima U., Nagoya University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Purdue University, UCSD, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology in China, Imperial College London, US Air Force, Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, P.R.China, 621900, AWE, CEA, DAM, Le Ripault, CEA, DAM, Le ripault, KTech Corporation, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, Oxford University, PIMM, CEA DAM/DIF, Lawrence Livermore National Lab and Dalhousie University, IRS, Universitaet Stuttgart, LASP, University of Colorado, Boulder, Universitaet der Bundeswehr, Muenchen, Germany, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany, Stanford University, PERC/Chitech, ILE, Osaka Univ., Univ. of Tokyo, Osaka Univ., Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Soreq NRC, Ben Gurion University, University of South Florida, Department of Physics, Tampa, Fl 33620, USA, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA, D\'epartement Th\'eorie et Simulation Num\'erique, CINaM, CNRS-UPR 3118, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France, D\'epartment de Physique Th\'eorique et Appliqu\'ee, CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruy\`eres-le-Ch\^atel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France, Kyushu University, The Johns Hopkins University, Army Research Laboratory, Queens University Belfast, University of Oxford, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, RIKEN SPring-8, Kumamoto University, Institut Pprime - UPR CNRS 3346, CEA-DAM DIF, PIMM - Arts et Metiers, CEA, DAM, Le Ripault, F-37260, Monts, France, CEA, DAM, DIF, F91297, Arpajon, France, USAF- Wright Labs