Numerical Study on the High-Speed Water-Entry of Hemispherical and Ogival Projectiles

ORAL

Abstract

The water entry problem is considered as a classic problem which has a long research history, however, projectile water entry is still a difficult problem that has not been completely solved. In this paper, the effects of the projectile nose shape on laws of velocity attenuations for all projectiles were studied by a series of numerical simulations using the AUTODYN-2D. The projectiles including the hemispherical and ogival projectiles with three CRH (caliber-radius-head) have been set to a constant mass and their water-entry velocities were in the range of 300m/s $\sim $ 1500m/s. The result showed that the drag coefficient increases monotonically with increasing initial velocities for an identical projectile but decrease with the increase of the CRH for ogival projectiles at the same velocity. It was found that the relation between the drag coefficient and the initial velocities for all projectiles can be expressed as a general equation. Correspondingly, the relation between the drag coefficient and the CRH value of ogival projectiles was also presented in this paper.

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Authors

  • Zitao Guo

    Hypervelocity Impact Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology

  • Yasuyuki Horie

    AFRL/RXBC, Georgia Institute of Technology, AFRL/RXLM and UES, Inc., CEA Valduc, QinetiQ Ltd, Fort Halstead, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, BMB Discount Guns, Ammunition, and Supplies, Alabama A\&M University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, WERC, Osaka University, Osaka University, JST-CREST, Los Alamos National Lab, University of Cambridge, UK, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, University of Cambridge, U.S. Army ARDEC, Ktech Corp. Albuquerque, NM 87123, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Institute for Problem in Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, RFNC - VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia, ITEP, Moscow, Russia, IPCP RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia, CEA, Centre DAM-Ile-de-France, Bruyeres-le-Chatel 91297, France, Russian Federal Nuclear Centre - Institute of Technical Physics, 456770 Snezhinsk, Russia, U. S. Army Research Laboratory, University of South Florida, Naval Research Laboratory, JIHT RAS, Moscow, Russia, Fracture and Shock Physics, SMF Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Ave., Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom, AWE Aldermaston, ASML Lithography Co., NSWC Indian Head Division, Washington State University, Armament Research Development \& Eng, Lawrence Livermore Nationa Laboratory, Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, White Sands Test Facility, NASA-Johnson Space Center, NASA-Glenn Research Center, SLAC, XFEL, Germany, Imperial College, UK, LULI, France, LLNL, IOP, Prague, U. of Jena, Germany, DESY, Germany, LCLS, LBNL, LBLN, U. of Oxford, UK, University of New Mexico, The Natural History Museum, UK, Open University, UK, University of Oxford, UK, ICB, UN Cuyo, Argentina, University of Rochester, General Atomics, Sandia, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Sandia National Lab, The University of Texas - Brownsville, The University of New Mexico, Wash. State Univ., Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185., Ktech Corp. Albuquerque, NM 87123., California Institute of Technology, CELIA, CEA-CESTA, CNRS, Marquette University, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University at Stony Brook, Tohoku University, Japan, Chubu University, Japan, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Department of Earth \& Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics CAEP, Laboratory of Shock wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics CAEP, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 U.S.A., Joint Institute for High Temperatures of RAS, Ben-Gurion University, Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Air Force Research Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, National Institute for Materials Science, Tohoku University, Hiroshima University, Fritz Haber Institute for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Bio-medical Engineering, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel, Materials and Process Simulation Center, 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia, Tomsk state university of architecture and building, Tomsk, 2 Solyanaya sq., Tomsk, 634003, Russia, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division, Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Univeristy, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Univeristy and Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Research Support Instruments, Ktech Corporation, Prism Computational Sciences, Corvid Technologies, The University of Tokyo, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China, UCSD, USA, Russian Federal Nuclear Center - Zababakhin Institute of Technical Physics, Snezhinsk, Russia, The Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center, SPring-8, National Defense Academy of Japan, Institute of Applied Physics and Computation Mathematics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Cornell University, St. Petersburg State University, failure-PREVENTION-associates(fPa)/THERMALLOY-TECHNOLOGY(TAT)/TATL, Ffailure-PREVENTION-associates(fPa)/THERMALLOY-TECHNOLOGY(TAT)/TATL, Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering RAS, National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, School of science, Wuhan University Technology, Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang, 621900, Institute of High Temperature and High Pressure Physics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 43007, JIHT RAS, MUCTR, Russia, IPCP RAS, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 76\# Wensu Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, PR China, 201800, Kobe U., Tokyo Inst. Tech., Chiba Instit. Tec., Osaka U., Hiroshima U., Nagoya University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Purdue University, UCSD, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology in China, Imperial College London, US Air Force, Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, P.R.China, 621900, AWE, CEA, DAM, Le Ripault, CEA, DAM, Le ripault, KTech Corporation, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, Oxford University, PIMM, CEA DAM/DIF, Lawrence Livermore National Lab and Dalhousie University, IRS, Universitaet Stuttgart, LASP, University of Colorado, Boulder, Universitaet der Bundeswehr, Muenchen, Germany, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany, Stanford University, PERC/Chitech, ILE, Osaka Univ., Univ. of Tokyo, Osaka Univ., Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Soreq NRC, Ben Gurion University, University of South Florida, Department of Physics, Tampa, Fl 33620, USA, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA, D\'epartement Th\'eorie et Simulation Num\'erique, CINaM, CNRS-UPR 3118, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France, D\'epartment de Physique Th\'eorique et Appliqu\'ee, CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruy\`eres-le-Ch\^atel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France, Kyushu University, The Johns Hopkins University, Army Research Laboratory, Queens University Belfast, University of Oxford, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, RIKEN SPring-8, Kumamoto University, Institut Pprime - UPR CNRS 3346, CEA-DAM DIF, PIMM - Arts et Metiers, CEA, DAM, Le Ripault, F-37260, Monts, France, CEA, DAM, DIF, F91297, Arpajon, France, USAF- Wright Labs

  • Yasuyuki Horie

    AFRL/RXBC, Georgia Institute of Technology, AFRL/RXLM and UES, Inc., CEA Valduc, QinetiQ Ltd, Fort Halstead, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, BMB Discount Guns, Ammunition, and Supplies, Alabama A\&M University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, WERC, Osaka University, Osaka University, JST-CREST, Los Alamos National Lab, University of Cambridge, UK, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, University of Cambridge, U.S. Army ARDEC, Ktech Corp. Albuquerque, NM 87123, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Institute for Problem in Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, RFNC - VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia, ITEP, Moscow, Russia, IPCP RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia, CEA, Centre DAM-Ile-de-France, Bruyeres-le-Chatel 91297, France, Russian Federal Nuclear Centre - Institute of Technical Physics, 456770 Snezhinsk, Russia, U. S. Army Research Laboratory, University of South Florida, Naval Research Laboratory, JIHT RAS, Moscow, Russia, Fracture and Shock Physics, SMF Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Ave., Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom, AWE Aldermaston, ASML Lithography Co., NSWC Indian Head Division, Washington State University, Armament Research Development \& Eng, Lawrence Livermore Nationa Laboratory, Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, White Sands Test Facility, NASA-Johnson Space Center, NASA-Glenn Research Center, SLAC, XFEL, Germany, Imperial College, UK, LULI, France, LLNL, IOP, Prague, U. of Jena, Germany, DESY, Germany, LCLS, LBNL, LBLN, U. of Oxford, UK, University of New Mexico, The Natural History Museum, UK, Open University, UK, University of Oxford, UK, ICB, UN Cuyo, Argentina, University of Rochester, General Atomics, Sandia, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Sandia National Lab, The University of Texas - Brownsville, The University of New Mexico, Wash. State Univ., Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185., Ktech Corp. Albuquerque, NM 87123., California Institute of Technology, CELIA, CEA-CESTA, CNRS, Marquette University, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University at Stony Brook, Tohoku University, Japan, Chubu University, Japan, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Department of Earth \& Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics CAEP, Laboratory of Shock wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics CAEP, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 U.S.A., Joint Institute for High Temperatures of RAS, Ben-Gurion University, Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Air Force Research Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, National Institute for Materials Science, Tohoku University, Hiroshima University, Fritz Haber Institute for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Bio-medical Engineering, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel, Materials and Process Simulation Center, 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia, Tomsk state university of architecture and building, Tomsk, 2 Solyanaya sq., Tomsk, 634003, Russia, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division, Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Univeristy, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Univeristy and Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Research Support Instruments, Ktech Corporation, Prism Computational Sciences, Corvid Technologies, The University of Tokyo, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China, UCSD, USA, Russian Federal Nuclear Center - Zababakhin Institute of Technical Physics, Snezhinsk, Russia, The Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center, SPring-8, National Defense Academy of Japan, Institute of Applied Physics and Computation Mathematics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Cornell University, St. Petersburg State University, failure-PREVENTION-associates(fPa)/THERMALLOY-TECHNOLOGY(TAT)/TATL, Ffailure-PREVENTION-associates(fPa)/THERMALLOY-TECHNOLOGY(TAT)/TATL, Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering RAS, National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, School of science, Wuhan University Technology, Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang, 621900, Institute of High Temperature and High Pressure Physics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 43007, JIHT RAS, MUCTR, Russia, IPCP RAS, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 76\# Wensu Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, PR China, 201800, Kobe U., Tokyo Inst. Tech., Chiba Instit. Tec., Osaka U., Hiroshima U., Nagoya University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Purdue University, UCSD, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology in China, Imperial College London, US Air Force, Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, P.R.China, 621900, AWE, CEA, DAM, Le Ripault, CEA, DAM, Le ripault, KTech Corporation, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, Oxford University, PIMM, CEA DAM/DIF, Lawrence Livermore National Lab and Dalhousie University, IRS, Universitaet Stuttgart, LASP, University of Colorado, Boulder, Universitaet der Bundeswehr, Muenchen, Germany, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany, Stanford University, PERC/Chitech, ILE, Osaka Univ., Univ. of Tokyo, Osaka Univ., Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Soreq NRC, Ben Gurion University, University of South Florida, Department of Physics, Tampa, Fl 33620, USA, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA, D\'epartement Th\'eorie et Simulation Num\'erique, CINaM, CNRS-UPR 3118, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France, D\'epartment de Physique Th\'eorique et Appliqu\'ee, CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruy\`eres-le-Ch\^atel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France, Kyushu University, The Johns Hopkins University, Army Research Laboratory, Queens University Belfast, University of Oxford, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, RIKEN SPring-8, Kumamoto University, Institut Pprime - UPR CNRS 3346, CEA-DAM DIF, PIMM - Arts et Metiers, CEA, DAM, Le Ripault, F-37260, Monts, France, CEA, DAM, DIF, F91297, Arpajon, France, USAF- Wright Labs

  • Yasuyuki Horie

    AFRL/RXBC, Georgia Institute of Technology, AFRL/RXLM and UES, Inc., CEA Valduc, QinetiQ Ltd, Fort Halstead, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, BMB Discount Guns, Ammunition, and Supplies, Alabama A\&M University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, WERC, Osaka University, Osaka University, JST-CREST, Los Alamos National Lab, University of Cambridge, UK, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, University of Cambridge, U.S. Army ARDEC, Ktech Corp. Albuquerque, NM 87123, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Institute for Problem in Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, RFNC - VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia, ITEP, Moscow, Russia, IPCP RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia, CEA, Centre DAM-Ile-de-France, Bruyeres-le-Chatel 91297, France, Russian Federal Nuclear Centre - Institute of Technical Physics, 456770 Snezhinsk, Russia, U. S. Army Research Laboratory, University of South Florida, Naval Research Laboratory, JIHT RAS, Moscow, Russia, Fracture and Shock Physics, SMF Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Ave., Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom, AWE Aldermaston, ASML Lithography Co., NSWC Indian Head Division, Washington State University, Armament Research Development \& Eng, Lawrence Livermore Nationa Laboratory, Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, White Sands Test Facility, NASA-Johnson Space Center, NASA-Glenn Research Center, SLAC, XFEL, Germany, Imperial College, UK, LULI, France, LLNL, IOP, Prague, U. of Jena, Germany, DESY, Germany, LCLS, LBNL, LBLN, U. of Oxford, UK, University of New Mexico, The Natural History Museum, UK, Open University, UK, University of Oxford, UK, ICB, UN Cuyo, Argentina, University of Rochester, General Atomics, Sandia, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Sandia National Lab, The University of Texas - Brownsville, The University of New Mexico, Wash. State Univ., Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185., Ktech Corp. Albuquerque, NM 87123., California Institute of Technology, CELIA, CEA-CESTA, CNRS, Marquette University, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University at Stony Brook, Tohoku University, Japan, Chubu University, Japan, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Department of Earth \& Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics CAEP, Laboratory of Shock wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics CAEP, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 U.S.A., Joint Institute for High Temperatures of RAS, Ben-Gurion University, Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Air Force Research Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, National Institute for Materials Science, Tohoku University, Hiroshima University, Fritz Haber Institute for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Bio-medical Engineering, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel, Materials and Process Simulation Center, 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia, Tomsk state university of architecture and building, Tomsk, 2 Solyanaya sq., Tomsk, 634003, Russia, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division, Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Univeristy, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Univeristy and Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Research Support Instruments, Ktech Corporation, Prism Computational Sciences, Corvid Technologies, The University of Tokyo, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China, UCSD, USA, Russian Federal Nuclear Center - Zababakhin Institute of Technical Physics, Snezhinsk, Russia, The Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center, SPring-8, National Defense Academy of Japan, Institute of Applied Physics and Computation Mathematics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Cornell University, St. Petersburg State University, failure-PREVENTION-associates(fPa)/THERMALLOY-TECHNOLOGY(TAT)/TATL, Ffailure-PREVENTION-associates(fPa)/THERMALLOY-TECHNOLOGY(TAT)/TATL, Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering RAS, National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, School of science, Wuhan University Technology, Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang, 621900, Institute of High Temperature and High Pressure Physics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 43007, JIHT RAS, MUCTR, Russia, IPCP RAS, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 76\# Wensu Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, PR China, 201800, Kobe U., Tokyo Inst. Tech., Chiba Instit. Tec., Osaka U., Hiroshima U., Nagoya University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Purdue University, UCSD, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology in China, Imperial College London, US Air Force, Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, P.R.China, 621900, AWE, CEA, DAM, Le Ripault, CEA, DAM, Le ripault, KTech Corporation, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, Oxford University, PIMM, CEA DAM/DIF, Lawrence Livermore National Lab and Dalhousie University, IRS, Universitaet Stuttgart, LASP, University of Colorado, Boulder, Universitaet der Bundeswehr, Muenchen, Germany, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany, Stanford University, PERC/Chitech, ILE, Osaka Univ., Univ. of Tokyo, Osaka Univ., Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Soreq NRC, Ben Gurion University, University of South Florida, Department of Physics, Tampa, Fl 33620, USA, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA, D\'epartement Th\'eorie et Simulation Num\'erique, CINaM, CNRS-UPR 3118, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France, D\'epartment de Physique Th\'eorique et Appliqu\'ee, CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruy\`eres-le-Ch\^atel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France, Kyushu University, The Johns Hopkins University, Army Research Laboratory, Queens University Belfast, University of Oxford, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, RIKEN SPring-8, Kumamoto University, Institut Pprime - UPR CNRS 3346, CEA-DAM DIF, PIMM - Arts et Metiers, CEA, DAM, Le Ripault, F-37260, Monts, France, CEA, DAM, DIF, F91297, Arpajon, France, USAF- Wright Labs