A Review of 3D imaging techniques for visualisation of the structure of energetic composites

A review of imaging techniques which can be used to acquire three dimensional data on the structure of polymer composite materials is presented. The techniques chosen utilise a variety of mechanisms for forming contrast, and include x-ray tomography (XCT), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and optical \& electron microscopy. Discussion is illustrated with reference to a particular HMX based UK PBX. The achievable contrast and spatial resolutions are considered, along with arguments relating to the destructive and non-destructive methods of acquiring data. Particular emphasis is given to the safety concerns and the added experimental complications which arise when studying energetic materials.