Diamond Single Crystals Shocked to Multi-Megabar Stresses: Anisotropy and Deformation

ORAL

Abstract

Although the shock wave response of diamond at high stresses is of wide-ranging scientific and technical importance, it remains poorly understood. To gain insight into material strength/deformation and crystalline anisotropy effects at high stresses, plate impact experiments are underway on diamond single crystals shocked along the [100], [110], and [111] orientations to 300--700 GPa using the Sandia Z facility. Thin copper flyers are launched against diamond crystals, backed by quartz windows, to examine the shock compression and release response. Shock wave transit times in diamond samples and shock velocity histories of the optically reflective wave front in the quartz window are measured using laser interferometry. Preliminary results at $\sim$500 GPa and $\sim$700 GPa peak stresses reveal two-step wave profiles (elastic-inelastic response), with large elastic waves, for [110] and [111] diamond. In contrast, single (overdriven) wave profiles were determined for [100] diamond. Numerical simulations, undertaken to analyze and understand the measured velocity histories, suggest loss of strength for [110] and [111] diamond shocked beyond the elastic limit. Further experiments and comprehensive analysis are underway to understand the strong anisotropy at high stresses.

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Authors

  • Marcus Knudson

    Washington State University and Sandia National Laboratories, WSU/Sandia National Laboratories

  • Michael Armstrong

    Air Force Research Lab, Eglin AFB, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CNRS PIMM, Paris, CEA DIF, Arpajon, CEA CESTA, Le Barp, QinetiQ, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), 127055, Russia, Moscow, Suschevskaya st., 22., Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing, Air Force Research Laboratories, Argonne National Laboratory, CEA GRAMAT, BP 80200, 46500 Gramat, France, CEA LR, BP 16, 37260 Monts, France, CEA CESTA, 15 avenue des Sablieres CS60001, 33116 Le Barp Cedex, France, Imperial College London, AWE, Univeristy of Cassino and Southern Lazio, University of Manchester, Department of Mathematics, University College London, Gower Street, London UK, UIUC, Purdue U, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Sandia National Laboratories, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Washington State University, United States Naval Academy, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Southwest jiaotong university, Caltech, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia, School of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia, Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russia Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Institute of Physics of Explosion, Russian Federal Nuclear Center – All-Russia Research Institute of Experimental Physics. Sarov. Russia, Seoul National University, SNL, LANL, LLNL, National Nuclear Security Administration, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), US Army Research Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, shanghai institute of laser plasma, John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, Institute of Shock Physics, Imperial College London, National Security Technologies, CEA-DAM-DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France, The University of Iowa, San Diego State University, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, None, Dynamic Compression Sector, Washington State University, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Arizona State University, New Mexico Tech, New Mexico State University, Brigham Young University, Institute of Chemical Materials, CAEP, Carnegie Institution of Washington, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Princeton University, California Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Lab-Munitions Directorate, Sandia National Laboratories/ Washington State University, Kyushu University, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Kumamoto University, AWE plc, Aldermaston, Reading, RG7 4PR, UK, Dukhov All-Russia Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Naval Surface Warfare Center Indian Head Explosive Ordnance Disposal Division, U. S. Naval Academy, University of York, UK, MIT, AWE, Aldermaston, UK, University of Oxford, UK, CAEP, Logos Technologies, University of Rochester, SLAC, MIT, National Securities Technology, European XFEL, SLAC, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, European XFEL, State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, University of California, Berkeley, Technion, Haifa, Naval Research Laboratory, Osaka University, Hiroshima University, PhD, Diamond Light Source, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Tomsk State University, M-6: Explosive Applications \& Special Projects, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Univ. Rostock, Wash. State Univ. / Sandia National Labs, Sandia National Labs, UC Berkeley, LLE, CEA, SLAC, HPSTAR, NIMS, HZDR, Okayama Univ, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, RIKEN, JASRI, Kobe Univ, ELI-NP, Osaka Univ, Purdue University, RIKEN/SPring8, ILE, Osaka Univ., Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Univ., CIW, APS, LCLS, SLAC, US Army Research Laboratory, APG, MD 21005-5069, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, Institute of Physics of Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251, Rennes, France, PIMM UMR CNRS 8006, Paris, France, CEA/DAM/DIF, Arpajon, France, Institute for Material Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, Agency for Defense Development, Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, RG21 3PR, UK, Energetic Materials Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory, Propellants Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory, NSWC-IHEODTD, China Acad of Engr Phys, Natl Defense Academy, RAFAEL, Nuclear Research Center Negev and Rotem Industries LTD, Israeli Atomic Energy Commission, Nuclear Research Center Negev, Ben-Gurion University, ESRF, Diamond Lightsource, Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics, Moscow, 127055, Russia, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics, Moscow 127055, Russia, Paris Observatory, LULI Ecole Polytechnique, Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka Univ, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka Univ, Inst., for Study of the Earth’s Interior, Okayama Univ, Exploration Res., Center, Chiba Inst., of Tech., Center for Teaching, Learning and Tech., Kio Univ, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Univ, Yonsei University, Korea, Agency for Defense Development of Korea, CERMICS - INRIA, CEA, DAM, DIF, Laboratorire pour l’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, Soreq NRC, University of Chicago, CEA, DAM, CEG, F-46500 Gramat, France, CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France, Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Nuclear Research Negev, NRC Negev, Air Force Research Laboratory-Munitions Directorate, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), University of York, University of Oxford, European XFEL, DESY, RAL, IMPMC, Dept. of Geosciences, Princeton University, UCL, UC Davis, Carnegie Institution, George Washington University, University of Florida, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Lawerence Livermore National Lab, State Key laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology,, Department of Chemistry, MIT, Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, Martec Limited, McGill University, ARDEC, Natl Security Technologies LLC, Kratos Defense Engineering Solutions, Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Airbus Space and Defence, Stevenage, University of Durham, School of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, Institut Pprime, CNRS, Sandia National Laboratory, Univ of Florida - Gainesville, Advanced Photon source, Argonne National Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, National Security Technologies-STL, Los Alamos Natl Laboratory, National Security Technologies-LAO, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics, US Army, RDECOM-ARDEC

  • Michael Armstrong

    Air Force Research Lab, Eglin AFB, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CNRS PIMM, Paris, CEA DIF, Arpajon, CEA CESTA, Le Barp, QinetiQ, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), 127055, Russia, Moscow, Suschevskaya st., 22., Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing, Air Force Research Laboratories, Argonne National Laboratory, CEA GRAMAT, BP 80200, 46500 Gramat, France, CEA LR, BP 16, 37260 Monts, France, CEA CESTA, 15 avenue des Sablieres CS60001, 33116 Le Barp Cedex, France, Imperial College London, AWE, Univeristy of Cassino and Southern Lazio, University of Manchester, Department of Mathematics, University College London, Gower Street, London UK, UIUC, Purdue U, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Sandia National Laboratories, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Washington State University, United States Naval Academy, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Southwest jiaotong university, Caltech, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia, School of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia, Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russia Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Institute of Physics of Explosion, Russian Federal Nuclear Center – All-Russia Research Institute of Experimental Physics. Sarov. Russia, Seoul National University, SNL, LANL, LLNL, National Nuclear Security Administration, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), US Army Research Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, shanghai institute of laser plasma, John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, Institute of Shock Physics, Imperial College London, National Security Technologies, CEA-DAM-DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France, The University of Iowa, San Diego State University, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, None, Dynamic Compression Sector, Washington State University, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Arizona State University, New Mexico Tech, New Mexico State University, Brigham Young University, Institute of Chemical Materials, CAEP, Carnegie Institution of Washington, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Princeton University, California Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Lab-Munitions Directorate, Sandia National Laboratories/ Washington State University, Kyushu University, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Kumamoto University, AWE plc, Aldermaston, Reading, RG7 4PR, UK, Dukhov All-Russia Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Naval Surface Warfare Center Indian Head Explosive Ordnance Disposal Division, U. S. Naval Academy, University of York, UK, MIT, AWE, Aldermaston, UK, University of Oxford, UK, CAEP, Logos Technologies, University of Rochester, SLAC, MIT, National Securities Technology, European XFEL, SLAC, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, European XFEL, State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, University of California, Berkeley, Technion, Haifa, Naval Research Laboratory, Osaka University, Hiroshima University, PhD, Diamond Light Source, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Tomsk State University, M-6: Explosive Applications \& Special Projects, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Univ. Rostock, Wash. State Univ. / Sandia National Labs, Sandia National Labs, UC Berkeley, LLE, CEA, SLAC, HPSTAR, NIMS, HZDR, Okayama Univ, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, RIKEN, JASRI, Kobe Univ, ELI-NP, Osaka Univ, Purdue University, RIKEN/SPring8, ILE, Osaka Univ., Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Univ., CIW, APS, LCLS, SLAC, US Army Research Laboratory, APG, MD 21005-5069, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, Institute of Physics of Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251, Rennes, France, PIMM UMR CNRS 8006, Paris, France, CEA/DAM/DIF, Arpajon, France, Institute for Material Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, Agency for Defense Development, Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, RG21 3PR, UK, Energetic Materials Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory, Propellants Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory, NSWC-IHEODTD, China Acad of Engr Phys, Natl Defense Academy, RAFAEL, Nuclear Research Center Negev and Rotem Industries LTD, Israeli Atomic Energy Commission, Nuclear Research Center Negev, Ben-Gurion University, ESRF, Diamond Lightsource, Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics, Moscow, 127055, Russia, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics, Moscow 127055, Russia, Paris Observatory, LULI Ecole Polytechnique, Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka Univ, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka Univ, Inst., for Study of the Earth’s Interior, Okayama Univ, Exploration Res., Center, Chiba Inst., of Tech., Center for Teaching, Learning and Tech., Kio Univ, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Univ, Yonsei University, Korea, Agency for Defense Development of Korea, CERMICS - INRIA, CEA, DAM, DIF, Laboratorire pour l’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, Soreq NRC, University of Chicago, CEA, DAM, CEG, F-46500 Gramat, France, CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France, Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Nuclear Research Negev, NRC Negev, Air Force Research Laboratory-Munitions Directorate, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), University of York, University of Oxford, European XFEL, DESY, RAL, IMPMC, Dept. of Geosciences, Princeton University, UCL, UC Davis, Carnegie Institution, George Washington University, University of Florida, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Lawerence Livermore National Lab, State Key laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology,, Department of Chemistry, MIT, Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, Martec Limited, McGill University, ARDEC, Natl Security Technologies LLC, Kratos Defense Engineering Solutions, Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Airbus Space and Defence, Stevenage, University of Durham, School of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, Institut Pprime, CNRS, Sandia National Laboratory, Univ of Florida - Gainesville, Advanced Photon source, Argonne National Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, National Security Technologies-STL, Los Alamos Natl Laboratory, National Security Technologies-LAO, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics, US Army, RDECOM-ARDEC

  • Michael Armstrong

    Air Force Research Lab, Eglin AFB, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CNRS PIMM, Paris, CEA DIF, Arpajon, CEA CESTA, Le Barp, QinetiQ, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), 127055, Russia, Moscow, Suschevskaya st., 22., Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing, Air Force Research Laboratories, Argonne National Laboratory, CEA GRAMAT, BP 80200, 46500 Gramat, France, CEA LR, BP 16, 37260 Monts, France, CEA CESTA, 15 avenue des Sablieres CS60001, 33116 Le Barp Cedex, France, Imperial College London, AWE, Univeristy of Cassino and Southern Lazio, University of Manchester, Department of Mathematics, University College London, Gower Street, London UK, UIUC, Purdue U, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Sandia National Laboratories, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Washington State University, United States Naval Academy, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Southwest jiaotong university, Caltech, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia, School of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia, Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russia Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Institute of Physics of Explosion, Russian Federal Nuclear Center – All-Russia Research Institute of Experimental Physics. Sarov. Russia, Seoul National University, SNL, LANL, LLNL, National Nuclear Security Administration, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), US Army Research Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, shanghai institute of laser plasma, John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, Institute of Shock Physics, Imperial College London, National Security Technologies, CEA-DAM-DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France, The University of Iowa, San Diego State University, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, None, Dynamic Compression Sector, Washington State University, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Arizona State University, New Mexico Tech, New Mexico State University, Brigham Young University, Institute of Chemical Materials, CAEP, Carnegie Institution of Washington, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Princeton University, California Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Lab-Munitions Directorate, Sandia National Laboratories/ Washington State University, Kyushu University, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Kumamoto University, AWE plc, Aldermaston, Reading, RG7 4PR, UK, Dukhov All-Russia Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Naval Surface Warfare Center Indian Head Explosive Ordnance Disposal Division, U. S. Naval Academy, University of York, UK, MIT, AWE, Aldermaston, UK, University of Oxford, UK, CAEP, Logos Technologies, University of Rochester, SLAC, MIT, National Securities Technology, European XFEL, SLAC, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, European XFEL, State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, University of California, Berkeley, Technion, Haifa, Naval Research Laboratory, Osaka University, Hiroshima University, PhD, Diamond Light Source, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Tomsk State University, M-6: Explosive Applications \& Special Projects, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Univ. Rostock, Wash. State Univ. / Sandia National Labs, Sandia National Labs, UC Berkeley, LLE, CEA, SLAC, HPSTAR, NIMS, HZDR, Okayama Univ, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, RIKEN, JASRI, Kobe Univ, ELI-NP, Osaka Univ, Purdue University, RIKEN/SPring8, ILE, Osaka Univ., Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Univ., CIW, APS, LCLS, SLAC, US Army Research Laboratory, APG, MD 21005-5069, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, Institute of Physics of Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251, Rennes, France, PIMM UMR CNRS 8006, Paris, France, CEA/DAM/DIF, Arpajon, France, Institute for Material Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, Agency for Defense Development, Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, RG21 3PR, UK, Energetic Materials Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory, Propellants Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory, NSWC-IHEODTD, China Acad of Engr Phys, Natl Defense Academy, RAFAEL, Nuclear Research Center Negev and Rotem Industries LTD, Israeli Atomic Energy Commission, Nuclear Research Center Negev, Ben-Gurion University, ESRF, Diamond Lightsource, Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics, Moscow, 127055, Russia, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics, Moscow 127055, Russia, Paris Observatory, LULI Ecole Polytechnique, Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka Univ, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka Univ, Inst., for Study of the Earth’s Interior, Okayama Univ, Exploration Res., Center, Chiba Inst., of Tech., Center for Teaching, Learning and Tech., Kio Univ, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Univ, Yonsei University, Korea, Agency for Defense Development of Korea, CERMICS - INRIA, CEA, DAM, DIF, Laboratorire pour l’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, Soreq NRC, University of Chicago, CEA, DAM, CEG, F-46500 Gramat, France, CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France, Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Nuclear Research Negev, NRC Negev, Air Force Research Laboratory-Munitions Directorate, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), University of York, University of Oxford, European XFEL, DESY, RAL, IMPMC, Dept. of Geosciences, Princeton University, UCL, UC Davis, Carnegie Institution, George Washington University, University of Florida, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Lawerence Livermore National Lab, State Key laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology,, Department of Chemistry, MIT, Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, Martec Limited, McGill University, ARDEC, Natl Security Technologies LLC, Kratos Defense Engineering Solutions, Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Airbus Space and Defence, Stevenage, University of Durham, School of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, Institut Pprime, CNRS, Sandia National Laboratory, Univ of Florida - Gainesville, Advanced Photon source, Argonne National Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, National Security Technologies-STL, Los Alamos Natl Laboratory, National Security Technologies-LAO, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics, US Army, RDECOM-ARDEC