Continuous reloading of large-scale atom arrays. Part I: Experimental setup

Rydberg atom arrays have emerged as one of the leading platforms for quantum computation and simulation, with current state-of-the-art systems approaching thousands of physical qubits and gate fidelities surpassing quantum error correction thresholds. However, a major challenge for these systems is the loss of atoms e.g. during Rydberg gate operations or ancilla readout. To realize fault-tolerant quantum computing at scale, new experimental techniques to continuously and deterministically replace lost atoms are required.

In this two-part presentation, we will introduce a novel method for fast, continuous, and coherent reloading of neutral atom arrays. In part one, we focus on the technical implementation of this method comprised of two optical lattice conveyor belts transporting atoms from a magneto-optical trap in a separate vacuum chamber to a science chamber where computations occur. In the science chamber, we utilize a specially designed objective that provides a large field of view, facilitating distinct zones for qubit storage, manipulation, readout, and reloading. This design allows us to introduce thousands of fresh atoms rapidly and continuously without compromising qubit coherence.