The Design, Development, and Radiation Testing of New Secondary Emission (SE) Ionization Calorimetry Modules

This study outlines the design, development, and radiation testing of new secondary emission (SE) ionization modules. The SE modules were designed to precisely measure the energy of hadronic and electromagnetic particles under extreme radiation exposure. The SE modules were obtained by modifying traditional Hamamatsu R7761 single-anode photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). We designed and developed three modes and tested them using Co-60 gamma radiation, Sr-90 beta radiation, Am-241/Be neutron radiation and cosmic background radiation sources. The results show that all three modes offer improved signal sizes and demonstrate a significant response to the radiation sources. Since this detector system operates in a radiation and closed environment, remote control allows us to change mode during the experiment without interruption. In this talk, we will present the results of the newly developed and tested SE modules and talk about the plans to produce a robust SE module in a clean-room environment.