Quantum simulation of quantum chromodynamics

We provide second-order renormalized effective Hamiltonian of QCD in the front form of Hamiltonian dynamics. The key property of the renormalized Hamiltonian is that its matrix elements between color-singlet states are finite in the limit of both ultraviolet and infrared regularizations being removed. In other words, the Hamiltonian is well defined in the physical subspace and can be used in nonperturbative calculations.

The Hamiltonian is a prerequisite for studies of QCD using quantum computers. We use the ladder operator block-encoding (LOBE) framework to block-encode the Hamiltonian and provide resource estimates for quantum simulation to extract eigenvalues.