From analog to computational quantum simulation with neutral atoms

Neutral-atom quantum simulators in optical lattices have rapidly evolved into some of the most powerful near-term quantum devices for exploring equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems. Unlike universal quantum processors, these analog platforms realize targeted Hamiltonians directly from the microscopic interactions between atoms. State-of-the-art systems now operate with hundreds to thousands of individually controlled atoms, enabling precise studies of strongly correlated and topological quantum matter, as well as thermalization and its breakdown under local constraints.

 

Even without error correction or formal proofs of quantum advantage, these experiments already challenge the most advanced classical computations and outperform current digital quantum devices. I will highlight two emerging directions that are redefining the scope of analog quantum simulation: (i) extending accessible models toward large-scale 2D lattice gauge theories, and (ii) integrating digital control elements for flexible state preparation and readout. Together, these advances mark the transition from analog to computational quantum simulation - where neutral-atom platforms begin to predict, not just mimic, complex quantum phenomena and enable new discoveries across quantum science.