Self-stabilized Floquet Topological Insulators

Floquet engineering is a powerful technique for controlling material properties on demand using time periodic fields, which is usually achieved using intense lasers fields. We propose a new approach to Floquet engineering in which a DC-biased material generates coherent photons within an optical cavity through stimulated emission, thereby modifying its band structure via a self-consistent feedback mechanism. As the system approaches saturation, the steady-state field inside the cavity drives a Floquet topological phase transition in the material. We demonstrate that this mechanism can induce Berry curvature and topological transport in a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayer. This approach offers a pathway to achieving steady-state Floquet topological phases under continuous-wave conditions while avoiding the heating and material damage typically caused by intense laser drives.