Effective Electron Dynamics in Nonequilibrium Systems

Practical many-body simulations of dissipative systems that allow energy flow and relaxation require a theoretical framework that captures the interplay between electronic correlations and bath degrees of freedom, most importantly phonons (for carrier relaxation) and photons (for carrier excitation/recombination). I will illustrate the practical simulations of the electronic structure subject to Lindblad-type embeddings. Instead of evolving the full problem, we recast electron–lattice interactions as effective dissipative self-energies, analogous to electronic correlation effects in many-body perturbation theory. Integrating this with real-time Dyson expansions, we obtain a unified and computationally efficient description of carrier relaxations and induced time-dependent band-gap renormalizations in photoexcited materials.

Blommel, Perfetto, Stefanucci, Vlcek - Phys. Rev. B 112, 155122 (2025)