A new era of complexity in gate-controlled semiconductor devices

Advances in nanofabrication and low-temperature measurement capabilities, driven by global efforts towards scaling quantum technologies, have resulted in a boom in our ability to study complex arrays of coupled systems such as quantum dots. Potentially encoding quantum information in the spins of electrons or holes confined in a semiconductor, such systems exhibit long coherence times, inherent gate-voltage tunability, and are excellent time- and energy-resolved probes of their environment. As these quantum devices are scaled up in linear and two-dimensional arrays, more and more operational complexity ensues due to the many-body nature of the problem, constituting both a resource and a challenge. I will present a perspective on this new era of complex quantum devices, as well our advances in the ability to quickly gain information about arrays of quantum systems, apply real-time fast feedback enabling "online" closed-loop control, and employ automated tuning, loading and calibration of these controlled arrays. I will also briefly describe adding additional functionality to these devices by adding interactions to a superconductor.