Leveraging the Photoresponse of Azobenzene to Induce Light-Triggered Modulation of Bulk Property Changes in Polymer Networks

Azobenzene, a versatile photoswitch capable of reversible photoisomerization between its trans and cis isomers upon irradiation with specific wavelengths of light, offers the unique opportunity to amplify molecular-level changes to macroscopic material responses. When incorporated into polymers, we can effectively impart light-responsive functionality, rendering the material stimuli-responsive. The forward trans-to-cis photoisomerization in azobenzene-based polymers (azopolymers) is typically accompanied by a drop in the glass transition temperature (T_g) and an increase in local dipole moment, both of which can significantly alter free volume and specific intermolecular interactions. In our work, we aim to harness this reversible photoswitching to specifically tune material properties and explore the fundamental physics that govern light-material interactions in polymer networks. By tailoring monomer design, chemical composition, and network architecture, we explore how both ion mobility and thermomechanical properties in azopolymer networks can be controlled. These insights are expected to advance the rational design of polymer electrolytes for next-generation electronics and functional soft materials, enabling spatiotemporal control over material performance.