Continuous operation of a coherent 3,000-qubit system. Part I: High-rate qubit reloading

Neutral atoms are a promising platform for quantum science, enabling advances in areas ranging from quantum simulation and computation to metrology, atomic clocks and quantum networking. Although atom losses typically limit these systems to a pulsed mode, continuous operation could substantially enhance cycle rates, remove bottlenecks in metrology and enable deep-circuit quantum evolution through quantum error correction.

In this two-part presentation, we introduce an experimental architecture for high-rate reloading and continuous operation of a large-scale atom-array system while realizing coherent storage and manipulation of quantum information. In part one, we detail the experimental architecture that utilizes a series of two optical lattice conveyor belts to transport atom reservoirs into the science region, where atoms are repeatedly extracted into optical tweezers. With a reloading rate of up to 300,000 atoms in tweezers per second, we create over 30,000 initialized qubits per second which we leverage to assemble and maintain an array of over 3,000 atoms for more than 2 hours.