Continuous operation of a coherent 3,000-qubit system. Part II: Coherent operation

Neutral atoms are a promising platform for quantum science, enabling advances in areas ranging from quantum simulation and computation to metrology, atomic clocks and quantum networking. Although atom losses typically limit these systems to a pulsed mode, continuous operation could substantially enhance cycle rates, remove bottlenecks in metrology and enable deep-circuit quantum evolution through quantum error correction.

In this two-part presentation, we introduce an experimental architecture for high-rate reloading and continuous operation of a large-scale atom-array system while realizing coherent storage and manipulation of quantum information. In part two, we expand the previously demonstrated experimental setup towards logical quantum processing for practically unbounded duration with thousands of physical qubits. In particular, we demonstrate persistent refilling of the array with atomic qubits in either a spin-polarized or a coherent superposition state while preserving the quantum state of stored qubits. Our results pave the way for the realization of large-scale continuously operated atomic clocks, sensors and fault-tolerant quantum computers.