Coherent Diffraction Imaging and Scattering using Tabletop High Harmonic Sources

Coherent imaging and scattering techniques, when combined with coherent short-wavelength sources based on high-order harmonic generation (HHG), make it possible to image the fastest nanoscale processes in real time. This broadens the impact of ultrahigh resolution imaging beyond large-scale synchrotron and XFEL facilities, allowing for some of the highest-resolution tabletop-scale full-field optical microscopes to-date. This talk will review the evolution of HHG-based CDI techniques from simple initial demonstrations, to recent results in imaging challenging industrial semiconductor and spintronic samples. Imaging with EUV HHG light enables spatial-, depth- and time-resolved maps with nanometer resolution, and with sensitivity to composition and dopants. Moreover, advanced spectro-microscopies based on HHG have been used to capture the fastest charge, spin and phonon dynamics, from attosecond timescales on up. Finally, in exciting recent work, we have extended CDI ptychography into the soft x-ray spectral range for the first time using a new generation of HHG sources driven by mid-infrared ultrafast lasers.