Controlling the formation of bacterial biofilms using solute gradients

Bacteria can live in various environments, either as single cells or as communities within an extracellular matrix known as a biofilm. These biofilms play critical roles in processes such as wastewater treatment, bioremediation, and medical device-associated infections. In particular, biofilms formed on medical devices are frequently located within confined spaces, such as deep cavities and dead-end pores, where limited fluid flow and restricted antibiotics transport render them extremely challenging to remove. In this study, we investigate how solute gradients can impact biofilm growth within confined geometries through the action of diffusiophoresis. Our results highlight the role of solute gradients in modulating biofilm dynamics and suggest new pathways for controlling biofilm removal.