Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites X-ray detector operating under heated conditions

Two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites such as are promising candidates for high-performance X-ray detection, nevertheless the fundamental conduction mechanism and their thermal response is insufficiently understood. We performed temperature-dependent dark and photoconductivity measurements under 430nm LED and 70kV X-ray excitation in three different media – vacuum, nitrogen, and air. We observed a thermally activated conduction mechanism in this material system. For LED excitation, the device showed a higher energy barrier resulting in a steeper temperature dependence. In contrast, the photoelectron produced by the X-ray excitation showed lower energy barriers due to the high kinetic energy gain. We also studied the air ionization artifacts inflating the sensitivity of the X-ray in air and nitrogen than in vacuum but for the LED, the responsivity remains consistent in all the environments around the room temperature. Another thermal stress tests demonstrate that device degrades after 80^oC in air, establishing 70^oC as the upper limit for reliable operation. Under prolonged X-ray exposure of dose rate 177.9 μGy_air.s^-1 for 30 minutes observed stable pulse at room temperature in vacuum. This study offers fundamental understanding of the charge transport mechanism in the 2D perovskite-based detectors under both X-ray and LED excitation while distinguishing critical factors that impact the performance of the device.