Tunable Non-Equilibrium Transport in Superconducting Nanowires

As the diameter of a superconducting nanowire approaches the coherence length, its superconducting properties become increasingly sensitive to factors such as disorder, texture, non-equilibrium effects and proximity of interfaces with other materials. This provides an opportunity for controlled manipulation of quantum states that is essential for creating tunable quantum devices. We have studied the resistance as a function of temperature and magnetic field for a variety of superconducting nanowires in which the current was injected through interfaces with gate-tunable materials, such as graphene and bismuth selenide. In all cases, we observed tunable transport signatures which can be explained by non-equilibrium effects due to the specific interface properties.