Millikelvin Magnetic Refrigerators: From Rapid-Exchange Laboratory Platforms to High-Power Cryogenic Infrastructure

Access to millikelvin temperatures is essential for quantum technologies and low-temperature physics. Today, most millikelvin systems rely on helium-3–based dilution refrigeration, creating scalability challenges and motivating alternative approaches to ultra-low-temperature cooling.

We present recent progress in adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration (ADR). We describe the implementation of continuous ADR (CADR) in a compact, truly cryogen-free platform designed to enable rapid device and sample characterization at millikelvin temperatures. We then discuss key component developments toward scalable CADR architectures and outline a modular cooling approach aimed at supporting large-scale quantum systems.

Together, these developments illustrate how magnetic refrigeration can make millikelvin temperatures more accessible and provide a path toward modular cryogenic architectures for next-generation quantum technologies.