Engineering 2D Materials for Hybrid Quantum Interfaces

Efficient conversion of qubit-based quantum information into optical photons —quantum transduction— is a central challenge for scalable quantum computing and quantum communication. This process is critical for interconnecting qubits over fiber-optic networks while preserving quantum coherence and entanglement, particularly for superconducting and nitrogen-vacancy qubits operating at microwave frequencies (3–10 GHz). To advance quantum transduction, we investigate excitonic effects in two-dimensional heterobilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides. These engineered materials have the potential to enhance optical coupling with qubit microwave radiation via dipole interactions with interlayer (charge-transfer) excitons. We study the photoluminescence of heterogeneous bilayer structures composed of MoSe₂, WSe₂, and their alloy monolayers, at room and cryogenic temperatures, and interpret the results in terms of intra-layer and inter-layer excitons and their charged complexes. Our findings highlight 2D heterostructures as a versatile platform for hybrid quantum interfaces, paving the way toward efficient, material-engineered quantum transducers.