Spin density wave phase stabilized by long-range charge order in a Kagome metal

The interplay between charge density wave (CDW) and spin density wave (SDW) orders in quantum materials play a crucial role in the determination of their electronic, structural, and magnetic properties. The Kagome metal FeGe undergoes a sequence of phase transitions upon cooling: it first develops an A-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) order, followed by a 2×2×2 CDW order, and ultimately an incommensurate (IC) SDW order with a propagation vector along the c-axis. In this work, we identify FeGe with long-range charge order as a rare example in which the magnetic structure of the SDW phase has been unambiguously determined via neutron diffraction. The evolution of magnetic domain volume quantitatively accounts for the variation in IC diffraction peak intensities. The observed changes in the incommensurate propagation vector further highlight the coupling between CDW and SDW orders. Polarized neutron diffraction results are also consistent with this magnetic structure model. Moreover, we find that the long-range CDW-modulated lattice stabilizes the SDW order. On the contrary, in samples exhibiting only short-range CDW order, the reported phase transitions between double-cone structures and suppression of ordered moment size are a consequence of the interplay between the magnetic field and imperfect Fermi surface nesting. These findings provide compelling evidence for the itinerant nature of the IC magnetic order and highlight the intricate coupling among lattice, spin, and charge degrees of freedom.