Optimized noise-resilient surface code teleportation interfaces

Connecting two surface-code patches may require significantly higher noise at the interface. We show, via circuit-level simulations under a depolarizing noise model with idle errors, that surface codes remain fault tolerant despite substantially elevated interface error rates. Specifically, we compare three strategies; direct noisy links, gate teleportation, and a CAT-state gadget for both rotated and unrotated surface codes, and demonstrate that careful design can mitigate hook errors in each case so that the full code distance is preserved for both X and Z. Although these methods differ in space and time overhead and performance, each offers a viable route to modular surface-code architectures. Our results, obtained with stim and pymatching, confirm that high-noise interfaces can be integrated fault-tolerantly without compromising the code's essential properties, indicating that fault-tolerant scaling of error-corrected modular devices is within reach with current technology.