Frequency-upconversion in Multilayer MoS2 and Bio-templated Metal Nanoclusters

Thin film TMDs and metal nanoclusters display strong light-matter interactions, making them promising candidates for nanoscale nonlinear optical devices. In this work, we explore second and third harmonic generation in mechanically exfoliated multilayer MoS2 and bio-template derived metal nanoclusters. MoS2 flakes were characterized via AFM, Raman spectroscopy, and optical microscopy to evaluate thickness. The metal nanoclusters were synthesized with a green, aqueous based protein assisted synthesis method, with characterization by UV-vis, photoluminescence, and TEM to determine absorption, emission, and size properties. Under femtosecond excitation, both systems exhibit clear nonlinear responses, including measurable second and third harmonic signals. These results highlight the potential of combining 2D materials with metal nanoclusters to create tunable, environmentally friendly nonlinear optical components.