Da Vinci Inspired Helical Rotor Dynamics for Enhanced UAV Performance in Earthquake Search and Rescue

Efficient search and rescue operations in earthquake-affected areas require drones that can fly stably while minimizing environmental disturbance. Conventional multi-rotor drones are limited by high noise, strong downwash, and short flight times. This project investigates a rotor design inspired by Leonardo da Vinci's aerial screw, using a continuous helical surface to generate lift. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to study aerodynamic properties, including lift generation, induced velocity, turbulence, and noise caused by blade-vortex interactions. Finite element analysis is applied to examine structural performance, stress distribution, deflection under load, and vibration modes to ensure stability and avoid resonance. By comparing helical rotors with conventional propellers under equivalent thrust, the study explores how rotor geometry affects aerodynamic efficiency, energy consumption, downwash, and acoustic signature. This work applies classical physics principles, such as momentum conservation, vortex dynamics, and structural mechanics, to modern drone design, providing insights into how historical aerodynamics concepts can improve performance in critical humanitarian missions. The findings of this study have the potential to guide the development of quieter, more efficient, and safer UAVs for disaster response, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of life-saving operations.