Invisible Dangers: How radon and climate change intersect to affect public health

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that cannot be seen or smelt, yet it poses a serious risk to public health. It is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking. In Ghana, where the climate is characterised by distinct rainy and dry seasons, climate change may further influence how radon moves from the ground into homes and other buildings. During the rainy season, increased soil moisture can temporarily limit radon movement, but as soils dry out, especially during prolonged dry periods, cracks and increased soil permeability can allow radon to escape more easily and enter buildings. In the dry season, higher temperatures and dry, cracked soils may further enhance radon migration. At the same time, efforts to maintain indoor comfort during both seasons often lead to reduced ventilation, particularly in energy-efficient or tightly sealed buildings, allowing radon to accumulate indoors. Studies from different regions show that indoor radon levels vary with season and weather conditions and that higher concentrations are often linked to reduced ventilation and changing soil conditions. Epidemiological evidence shows that for every 100 Bq/m³ increase in indoor radon levels, the risk of lung cancer goes up by about 16%, and many radon-related cancers can be prevented by reducing Emerging research also suggests possible links between radon exposure and cardiovascular disease. This presentation highlights how Ghana's seasonal climate, combined with climate change and modern building practices, may increase indoor radon exposure. It emphasises the value of incorporating radon awareness, monitoring, and ventilation strategies into public health and climate adaptation efforts.