Development of a RF-Driven H-/H$+$ Surface Plasma Ion Source for the Spallation Neutron Source

ORAL

Abstract

A Surface Plasma ion Source (SPS) equipped with an external Saddle-type Antenna (SA) powered by 13.56 MHz Radio Frequency (RF) was tested at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) test stand at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Hydrogen ions were extracted from the source, and modifications were implemented to increase the ion beam output and optimize cooling. The source was tested under a duty factor of 5-100{\%} at 150Hz with power ranging from 0.8 to 3.3 kW. Cesium was also used to optimize the H- beam output. The highest beam current the source produced was 15 mA at 3 kW of RF power with an ion production efficiency of $\sim$ 5 mA/kW. The current ion source at the SNS produces 30-40 mA of H- ($\sim$ 1 mA/kW) of accelerated beam, operating with 50-60 kW of RF power and a duty factor of 6{\%}. Future work will be to test the SA RF SPS under the conditions and requirements of the SNS. The development of alterative sources for the SNS, such as this one, may figure prominently in future facility and reliability upgrades.

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Authors

  • Jeffrey Breitschopf

    Texas Lutheran University

  • Darren Depoy

    University of Michigan, Univeristy of Michigan, Texas A\&M University, UC Riverside, University of Massachusetts, STScI, NOAO, University of Texas, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, ENEA, Italy, INFN, Italy, University of Texas at Austin, TX, Cyclotron Institute, TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute - Texas A\&M University, Texas A\&M Univ, Texas A\&M University, Baylor University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Texas State University, University of Texas at Arlington, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DESY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University and Baylor University, Texas A\&M Univ at Qatar, Kazan Federal University, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Institue for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Postgrad, ORNL, Muons Inc., Texas Lutheran University, West Virginia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Kentucky, US Naval Academy, University of Dallas, U.S. Naval Academy, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77845, Science and Petroleum Departments, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA, Department of Physics, Texas State University, Florida A\&M University, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Physics and Astronomy Dept., TCU, Geology Dept., TCU, Colorado College, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Brownsville, Rochester Institute of Technology, Baylor University, Texas A\&M, Princeton University, Baylor University, Princeton University, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University; WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and Institute for Quantum Studies and Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Texas A&M University

  • Darren Depoy

    University of Michigan, Univeristy of Michigan, Texas A\&M University, UC Riverside, University of Massachusetts, STScI, NOAO, University of Texas, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, ENEA, Italy, INFN, Italy, University of Texas at Austin, TX, Cyclotron Institute, TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute - Texas A\&M University, Texas A\&M Univ, Texas A\&M University, Baylor University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Texas State University, University of Texas at Arlington, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DESY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University and Baylor University, Texas A\&M Univ at Qatar, Kazan Federal University, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Institue for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Postgrad, ORNL, Muons Inc., Texas Lutheran University, West Virginia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Kentucky, US Naval Academy, University of Dallas, U.S. Naval Academy, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77845, Science and Petroleum Departments, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA, Department of Physics, Texas State University, Florida A\&M University, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Physics and Astronomy Dept., TCU, Geology Dept., TCU, Colorado College, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Brownsville, Rochester Institute of Technology, Baylor University, Texas A\&M, Princeton University, Baylor University, Princeton University, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University; WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and Institute for Quantum Studies and Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Texas A&M University

  • Darren Depoy

    University of Michigan, Univeristy of Michigan, Texas A\&M University, UC Riverside, University of Massachusetts, STScI, NOAO, University of Texas, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, ENEA, Italy, INFN, Italy, University of Texas at Austin, TX, Cyclotron Institute, TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute - Texas A\&M University, Texas A\&M Univ, Texas A\&M University, Baylor University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Texas State University, University of Texas at Arlington, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DESY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University and Baylor University, Texas A\&M Univ at Qatar, Kazan Federal University, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Institue for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Postgrad, ORNL, Muons Inc., Texas Lutheran University, West Virginia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Kentucky, US Naval Academy, University of Dallas, U.S. Naval Academy, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77845, Science and Petroleum Departments, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA, Department of Physics, Texas State University, Florida A\&M University, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Physics and Astronomy Dept., TCU, Geology Dept., TCU, Colorado College, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Brownsville, Rochester Institute of Technology, Baylor University, Texas A\&M, Princeton University, Baylor University, Princeton University, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University; WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and Institute for Quantum Studies and Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Texas A&M University

  • Darren Depoy

    University of Michigan, Univeristy of Michigan, Texas A\&M University, UC Riverside, University of Massachusetts, STScI, NOAO, University of Texas, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, ENEA, Italy, INFN, Italy, University of Texas at Austin, TX, Cyclotron Institute, TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute - Texas A\&M University, Texas A\&M Univ, Texas A\&M University, Baylor University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Texas State University, University of Texas at Arlington, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DESY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University and Baylor University, Texas A\&M Univ at Qatar, Kazan Federal University, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Institue for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Postgrad, ORNL, Muons Inc., Texas Lutheran University, West Virginia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Kentucky, US Naval Academy, University of Dallas, U.S. Naval Academy, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77845, Science and Petroleum Departments, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA, Department of Physics, Texas State University, Florida A\&M University, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Physics and Astronomy Dept., TCU, Geology Dept., TCU, Colorado College, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Brownsville, Rochester Institute of Technology, Baylor University, Texas A\&M, Princeton University, Baylor University, Princeton University, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University; WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and Institute for Quantum Studies and Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Texas A&M University

  • Darren Depoy

    University of Michigan, Univeristy of Michigan, Texas A\&M University, UC Riverside, University of Massachusetts, STScI, NOAO, University of Texas, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, ENEA, Italy, INFN, Italy, University of Texas at Austin, TX, Cyclotron Institute, TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute - Texas A\&M University, Texas A\&M Univ, Texas A\&M University, Baylor University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Texas State University, University of Texas at Arlington, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DESY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University and Baylor University, Texas A\&M Univ at Qatar, Kazan Federal University, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Institue for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Postgrad, ORNL, Muons Inc., Texas Lutheran University, West Virginia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Kentucky, US Naval Academy, University of Dallas, U.S. Naval Academy, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77845, Science and Petroleum Departments, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA, Department of Physics, Texas State University, Florida A\&M University, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Physics and Astronomy Dept., TCU, Geology Dept., TCU, Colorado College, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Brownsville, Rochester Institute of Technology, Baylor University, Texas A\&M, Princeton University, Baylor University, Princeton University, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University; WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and Institute for Quantum Studies and Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Texas A&M University

  • Darren Depoy

    University of Michigan, Univeristy of Michigan, Texas A\&M University, UC Riverside, University of Massachusetts, STScI, NOAO, University of Texas, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, ENEA, Italy, INFN, Italy, University of Texas at Austin, TX, Cyclotron Institute, TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute - Texas A\&M University, Texas A\&M Univ, Texas A\&M University, Baylor University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Texas State University, University of Texas at Arlington, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DESY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University and Baylor University, Texas A\&M Univ at Qatar, Kazan Federal University, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Institue for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Postgrad, ORNL, Muons Inc., Texas Lutheran University, West Virginia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Kentucky, US Naval Academy, University of Dallas, U.S. Naval Academy, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77845, Science and Petroleum Departments, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA, Department of Physics, Texas State University, Florida A\&M University, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Physics and Astronomy Dept., TCU, Geology Dept., TCU, Colorado College, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Brownsville, Rochester Institute of Technology, Baylor University, Texas A\&M, Princeton University, Baylor University, Princeton University, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University; WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and Institute for Quantum Studies and Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Texas A&M University

  • Darren Depoy

    University of Michigan, Univeristy of Michigan, Texas A\&M University, UC Riverside, University of Massachusetts, STScI, NOAO, University of Texas, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, ENEA, Italy, INFN, Italy, University of Texas at Austin, TX, Cyclotron Institute, TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute - Texas A\&M University, Texas A\&M Univ, Texas A\&M University, Baylor University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Texas State University, University of Texas at Arlington, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DESY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University and Baylor University, Texas A\&M Univ at Qatar, Kazan Federal University, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Institue for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Postgrad, ORNL, Muons Inc., Texas Lutheran University, West Virginia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Kentucky, US Naval Academy, University of Dallas, U.S. Naval Academy, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77845, Science and Petroleum Departments, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA, Department of Physics, Texas State University, Florida A\&M University, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Physics and Astronomy Dept., TCU, Geology Dept., TCU, Colorado College, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Brownsville, Rochester Institute of Technology, Baylor University, Texas A\&M, Princeton University, Baylor University, Princeton University, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University; WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and Institute for Quantum Studies and Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Texas A&M University

  • Darren Depoy

    University of Michigan, Univeristy of Michigan, Texas A\&M University, UC Riverside, University of Massachusetts, STScI, NOAO, University of Texas, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, ENEA, Italy, INFN, Italy, University of Texas at Austin, TX, Cyclotron Institute, TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute - Texas A\&M University, Texas A\&M Univ, Texas A\&M University, Baylor University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Texas State University, University of Texas at Arlington, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DESY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University and Baylor University, Texas A\&M Univ at Qatar, Kazan Federal University, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Institue for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Postgrad, ORNL, Muons Inc., Texas Lutheran University, West Virginia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Kentucky, US Naval Academy, University of Dallas, U.S. Naval Academy, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77845, Science and Petroleum Departments, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA, Department of Physics, Texas State University, Florida A\&M University, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Physics and Astronomy Dept., TCU, Geology Dept., TCU, Colorado College, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Brownsville, Rochester Institute of Technology, Baylor University, Texas A\&M, Princeton University, Baylor University, Princeton University, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University; WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and Institute for Quantum Studies and Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Texas A&M University

  • Darren Depoy

    University of Michigan, Univeristy of Michigan, Texas A\&M University, UC Riverside, University of Massachusetts, STScI, NOAO, University of Texas, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, ENEA, Italy, INFN, Italy, University of Texas at Austin, TX, Cyclotron Institute, TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute - Texas A\&M University, Texas A\&M Univ, Texas A\&M University, Baylor University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Texas State University, University of Texas at Arlington, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DESY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University and Baylor University, Texas A\&M Univ at Qatar, Kazan Federal University, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Institue for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Postgrad, ORNL, Muons Inc., Texas Lutheran University, West Virginia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Kentucky, US Naval Academy, University of Dallas, U.S. Naval Academy, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77845, Science and Petroleum Departments, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA, Department of Physics, Texas State University, Florida A\&M University, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Physics and Astronomy Dept., TCU, Geology Dept., TCU, Colorado College, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Brownsville, Rochester Institute of Technology, Baylor University, Texas A\&M, Princeton University, Baylor University, Princeton University, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University; WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and Institute for Quantum Studies and Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Texas A&M University

  • Darren Depoy

    University of Michigan, Univeristy of Michigan, Texas A\&M University, UC Riverside, University of Massachusetts, STScI, NOAO, University of Texas, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, ENEA, Italy, INFN, Italy, University of Texas at Austin, TX, Cyclotron Institute, TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute - Texas A\&M University, Texas A\&M Univ, Texas A\&M University, Baylor University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Texas State University, University of Texas at Arlington, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DESY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University and Baylor University, Texas A\&M Univ at Qatar, Kazan Federal University, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Institue for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Postgrad, ORNL, Muons Inc., Texas Lutheran University, West Virginia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Kentucky, US Naval Academy, University of Dallas, U.S. Naval Academy, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77845, Science and Petroleum Departments, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA, Department of Physics, Texas State University, Florida A\&M University, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Physics and Astronomy Dept., TCU, Geology Dept., TCU, Colorado College, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Brownsville, Rochester Institute of Technology, Baylor University, Texas A\&M, Princeton University, Baylor University, Princeton University, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University; WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and Institute for Quantum Studies and Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Texas A&M University