Probing Compressed Top Squarks at the LHC at 14 TeV

ORAL

Abstract

A feasibility study is presented for the search of the lightest top squark ($t$) in a compressed scenario, where its mass is approximately equal to the sum of the masses of the top quark and the lightest neutralino $\tilde\chi^0_1$ and there exists no limit from the current 8-TeV data or from the 14-TeV projections. The study is performed in the final state of two $b$-jets, one lepton, large missing transverse energy, and two energetic jets with a large separation in pseudo-rapidity, in opposite hemispheres, and with large dijet mass. The analysis shows that the LHC could probe compressed top squarks mass $\sim 300$ GeV with an integrated luminosity of $300$ fb$^{-1}$ for two ($t$+$\tilde\chi^0_1$) and three body ($b$+$W$+$\tilde\chi^0_1$) final states arising from the stop decay at $5\sigma$ significance with no systematic uncertainty. After including the systematics, the significance for $m_{st}$ = 200 GeV and $\Delta M=7$ GeV is expected to be 6(3)$\sigma $ for 300 fb$^{-1}$ luminosity with 3(5)\% systematic uncertainty, while the significance becomes 4(2)$\sigma$ for the same top squark mass with $\Delta M = -7$ GeV.

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Authors

  • Sean Wu

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University

  • Darren Depoy

    University of Michigan, Univeristy of Michigan, Texas A\&M University, UC Riverside, University of Massachusetts, STScI, NOAO, University of Texas, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, ENEA, Italy, INFN, Italy, University of Texas at Austin, TX, Cyclotron Institute, TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute - Texas A\&M University, Texas A\&M Univ, Texas A\&M University, Baylor University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Texas State University, University of Texas at Arlington, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DESY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University and Baylor University, Texas A\&M Univ at Qatar, Kazan Federal University, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Institue for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Postgrad, ORNL, Muons Inc., Texas Lutheran University, West Virginia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Kentucky, US Naval Academy, University of Dallas, U.S. Naval Academy, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77845, Science and Petroleum Departments, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA, Department of Physics, Texas State University, Florida A\&M University, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Physics and Astronomy Dept., TCU, Geology Dept., TCU, Colorado College, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Brownsville, Rochester Institute of Technology, Baylor University, Texas A\&M, Princeton University, Baylor University, Princeton University, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University; WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and Institute for Quantum Studies and Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Texas A&M University

  • Darren Depoy

    University of Michigan, Univeristy of Michigan, Texas A\&M University, UC Riverside, University of Massachusetts, STScI, NOAO, University of Texas, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, ENEA, Italy, INFN, Italy, University of Texas at Austin, TX, Cyclotron Institute, TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute - Texas A\&M University, Texas A\&M Univ, Texas A\&M University, Baylor University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Texas State University, University of Texas at Arlington, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DESY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University and Baylor University, Texas A\&M Univ at Qatar, Kazan Federal University, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Institue for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Postgrad, ORNL, Muons Inc., Texas Lutheran University, West Virginia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Kentucky, US Naval Academy, University of Dallas, U.S. Naval Academy, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77845, Science and Petroleum Departments, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA, Department of Physics, Texas State University, Florida A\&M University, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Physics and Astronomy Dept., TCU, Geology Dept., TCU, Colorado College, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Brownsville, Rochester Institute of Technology, Baylor University, Texas A\&M, Princeton University, Baylor University, Princeton University, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University; WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and Institute for Quantum Studies and Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Texas A&M University

  • Darren Depoy

    University of Michigan, Univeristy of Michigan, Texas A\&M University, UC Riverside, University of Massachusetts, STScI, NOAO, University of Texas, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, ENEA, Italy, INFN, Italy, University of Texas at Austin, TX, Cyclotron Institute, TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute - Texas A\&M University, Texas A\&M Univ, Texas A\&M University, Baylor University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Texas State University, University of Texas at Arlington, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DESY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University and Baylor University, Texas A\&M Univ at Qatar, Kazan Federal University, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Institue for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Postgrad, ORNL, Muons Inc., Texas Lutheran University, West Virginia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Kentucky, US Naval Academy, University of Dallas, U.S. Naval Academy, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77845, Science and Petroleum Departments, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA, Department of Physics, Texas State University, Florida A\&M University, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Physics and Astronomy Dept., TCU, Geology Dept., TCU, Colorado College, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Brownsville, Rochester Institute of Technology, Baylor University, Texas A\&M, Princeton University, Baylor University, Princeton University, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University; WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and Institute for Quantum Studies and Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Texas A&M University

  • Darren Depoy

    University of Michigan, Univeristy of Michigan, Texas A\&M University, UC Riverside, University of Massachusetts, STScI, NOAO, University of Texas, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, ENEA, Italy, INFN, Italy, University of Texas at Austin, TX, Cyclotron Institute, TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute - Texas A\&M University, Texas A\&M Univ, Texas A\&M University, Baylor University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Texas State University, University of Texas at Arlington, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DESY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University and Baylor University, Texas A\&M Univ at Qatar, Kazan Federal University, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Institue for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Postgrad, ORNL, Muons Inc., Texas Lutheran University, West Virginia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Kentucky, US Naval Academy, University of Dallas, U.S. Naval Academy, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77845, Science and Petroleum Departments, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA, Department of Physics, Texas State University, Florida A\&M University, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Physics and Astronomy Dept., TCU, Geology Dept., TCU, Colorado College, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Brownsville, Rochester Institute of Technology, Baylor University, Texas A\&M, Princeton University, Baylor University, Princeton University, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University; WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and Institute for Quantum Studies and Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Texas A&M University

  • Darren Depoy

    University of Michigan, Univeristy of Michigan, Texas A\&M University, UC Riverside, University of Massachusetts, STScI, NOAO, University of Texas, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, ENEA, Italy, INFN, Italy, University of Texas at Austin, TX, Cyclotron Institute, TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute - Texas A\&M University, Texas A\&M Univ, Texas A\&M University, Baylor University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Texas State University, University of Texas at Arlington, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DESY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University and Baylor University, Texas A\&M Univ at Qatar, Kazan Federal University, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Institue for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Postgrad, ORNL, Muons Inc., Texas Lutheran University, West Virginia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Kentucky, US Naval Academy, University of Dallas, U.S. Naval Academy, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77845, Science and Petroleum Departments, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA, Department of Physics, Texas State University, Florida A\&M University, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Physics and Astronomy Dept., TCU, Geology Dept., TCU, Colorado College, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Brownsville, Rochester Institute of Technology, Baylor University, Texas A\&M, Princeton University, Baylor University, Princeton University, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University; WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and Institute for Quantum Studies and Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Texas A&M University

  • Darren Depoy

    University of Michigan, Univeristy of Michigan, Texas A\&M University, UC Riverside, University of Massachusetts, STScI, NOAO, University of Texas, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, ENEA, Italy, INFN, Italy, University of Texas at Austin, TX, Cyclotron Institute, TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute - Texas A\&M University, Texas A\&M Univ, Texas A\&M University, Baylor University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Texas State University, University of Texas at Arlington, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DESY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University and Baylor University, Texas A\&M Univ at Qatar, Kazan Federal University, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Institue for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Postgrad, ORNL, Muons Inc., Texas Lutheran University, West Virginia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Kentucky, US Naval Academy, University of Dallas, U.S. Naval Academy, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77845, Science and Petroleum Departments, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA, Department of Physics, Texas State University, Florida A\&M University, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Physics and Astronomy Dept., TCU, Geology Dept., TCU, Colorado College, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Brownsville, Rochester Institute of Technology, Baylor University, Texas A\&M, Princeton University, Baylor University, Princeton University, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University; WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and Institute for Quantum Studies and Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Texas A&M University

  • Darren Depoy

    University of Michigan, Univeristy of Michigan, Texas A\&M University, UC Riverside, University of Massachusetts, STScI, NOAO, University of Texas, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, ENEA, Italy, INFN, Italy, University of Texas at Austin, TX, Cyclotron Institute, TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute - Texas A\&M University, Texas A\&M Univ, Texas A\&M University, Baylor University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Texas State University, University of Texas at Arlington, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DESY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University and Baylor University, Texas A\&M Univ at Qatar, Kazan Federal University, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Institue for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Postgrad, ORNL, Muons Inc., Texas Lutheran University, West Virginia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Kentucky, US Naval Academy, University of Dallas, U.S. Naval Academy, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77845, Science and Petroleum Departments, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA, Department of Physics, Texas State University, Florida A\&M University, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Physics and Astronomy Dept., TCU, Geology Dept., TCU, Colorado College, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Brownsville, Rochester Institute of Technology, Baylor University, Texas A\&M, Princeton University, Baylor University, Princeton University, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University; WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and Institute for Quantum Studies and Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Texas A&M University

  • Darren Depoy

    University of Michigan, Univeristy of Michigan, Texas A\&M University, UC Riverside, University of Massachusetts, STScI, NOAO, University of Texas, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, ENEA, Italy, INFN, Italy, University of Texas at Austin, TX, Cyclotron Institute, TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute TAMU, TX, Cyclotron Institute - Texas A\&M University, Texas A\&M Univ, Texas A\&M University, Baylor University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas, Texas State University, University of Texas at Arlington, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DESY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University and Baylor University, Texas A\&M Univ at Qatar, Kazan Federal University, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Institue for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, MIT, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Postgrad, ORNL, Muons Inc., Texas Lutheran University, West Virginia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Kentucky, US Naval Academy, University of Dallas, U.S. Naval Academy, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77845, Science and Petroleum Departments, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA, Department of Physics, Texas State University, Florida A\&M University, Texas A\&M University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Physics and Astronomy Dept., TCU, Geology Dept., TCU, Colorado College, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Brownsville, Rochester Institute of Technology, Baylor University, Texas A\&M, Princeton University, Baylor University, Princeton University, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University; WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M University, Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A\&M University and Institute for Quantum Studies and Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Texas A&M University