Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy of Aberrant Beta-Galactosidase and Arginase Activities in Cancer$\backslash $cf0

h $-abstract-$\backslash $pard Hyperdrive metabolism is a common occurrence in cancer as more nutrients and raw materials are required to sustain rapid proliferation and growth, non-invasive detection methods for assessing such abnormal metabolic activities could potentially provide definitive diagnostic information of said disease. In this study, we have investigated the feasibility of carbon-13 labeled lactose ureide and arginine as potential biomarkers for the early detection of cancer. In particular, we used 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to track the metabolism of two human cancer cell lines with 13C-lactose ureide and 13C-arginine, respectively: 1) 13C-lactose ureide in living MCF-7 breast cancer cells which have upregulated beta-galactosidase activity, and 2) 13C-arginine metabolism in HuH7 hepatocarcinoma cells. NMR data on the metabolic results will be discussed in view of their potential as non-invasive, in-vivo biomarkers for cancer. This study is supported by the Welch Foundation grant AT-1877-20180324, DOD grants W18XWH-17-1-0303 and W81XWH-19-1-0741, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) grant RP180716, and the UTD Collaborative Biomedical Research Award (CoBRA).$\backslash $pard-/abstract-$\backslash $\tex