Determination of the proton charge radius from elastic electron-proton scattering

Precisely measured electron-proton elastic scattering cross sections [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 242001 (2010)] are reanalyzed to evaluate their strength for determining the rms charge radius ($R_{\rm E}$) of the proton. More than half of the cross sections at lowest $Q^2$ are fit using two single-parameter form-factor models, with the first based on a dipole parametrization, and the second on a linear fit to a conformal-mapping variable. These low-$Q^2$ fits extrapolate the slope of the form factor to $Q^2 = 0$ and determine $R_{\rm E}$ values of approximately 0.84 and 0.89 fm, respectively. Fits spanning all $Q^2$, in which the single constants are replaced with cubic splines at larger $Q^2$, lead to similar results for $R_{\rm E}$. We conclude that the scattering data are consistent with $R_{\rm E}$ ranging from at least 0.84 to 0.89 fm, and therefore is consistent with both of the discrepant determinations of $R_{\rm E}$ made using muonic and electronic hydrogen-atom spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. C 93, 015204 (2016)