Electronic localization effects in time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy from Cu(111) surfaces

Attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy allows the observation of electronic processes with attosecond time resolution (1 as $=$ 10$^{\mathrm{-18}}$ s). Recent applications to solid surfaces and isolated nanoparticles [1-5] are starting to allow the scrutiny of electronic dynamics in matter with added spatial resolution, probing the electronic band structure and dielectric response in nanoplasmonically enhanced light-induced [6]. Based on a quantum-mechanical model for photoelectron emission by an attosecond pulse train from the $d$-band of a Cu(111) surface into a delayed assisting laser pulse [5], we calculate two-pathway two-photon interferograms as functions of the photoelectron energy and pulse delay [7]. Our results characterize the dependence of photoelectron interferograms on the surface electronic structure and photoelectron transport and agree with the experimental spectra in Ref. [4]. [1] U. Thumm \textit{et al.}, Fundamental of Photonics and Physics, Vol. 1, (Wiley, New York, 2015). [2] R. Locher \textit{et al.}, Optica \textbf{2}, 405 (2015). [3] Z. Tao \textit{et al.}, Science \textbf{353}, 62 (2016). [4] M. Lucchini \textit{et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{115}, 137401 (2015). [5] M. J. Ambrosio and U. Thumm, Phys. Rev. A \textbf{94}, 063424 (2016). [6] J. Li \textit{et al.}, Phys. Rev. A \textbf{95}, 043423 (2017). [7] M. J. Ambrosio and U. Thumm, Phys. Rev. A \textbf{96}, 051403 (2017).