Burning modes of a bipolar pulse discharge in CO$_{\mathrm{2}}$ and nitrogen

POSTER

Abstract

This paper reports the current and voltage oscilloscope patterns of the bipolar pulsed discharge in the frequency range (from 20 to 300 kHz) with the duty cycle from 0.11 to 0.97 that have been measured in CO$_{\mathrm{2}}$ and nitrogen within the pressure range from 0.1 to 1~Torr. It has been found that varying the duty cycle may change the discharge axial structure and redistribute the potential drop across the electrodes. At large duty cycle values the discharge has been found to experience a transition from the conventional high-current mode (with cathode sheaths near both electrodes) to a low-current mode characterized by low discharge current values and a feeble glow. In this mode the ionization takes place only in the cathode sheath and the negative glow near the electrode at the time period to which the high voltage is applied. During the remaining part of the period a lower voltage is applied to the second electrode which is insufficient for the cathode sheath formation, therefore during this time one observes a decaying plasma (afterglow). The radiation spectra of the bipolar pulsed discharge in nitrogen have been measured at different duty cycle values using the optical spectrometer. It has been revealed that in a low-current mode the ionization occurs predominantly near one electrode whereas the cathode sheath is not formed near another electrode.

Authors

  • V.A. Lisovskiy

    Kharkov National University, 61022, Kharkov, Svobody Sq. 4, Ukraine, Kharkov National University, Kharkov, Ukraine

  • Sungil Cho

    Case western Reserve University, Hokkaido University, Kyoto University, North Carolina State University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Ioffe Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Evatec AG, 9477 Truebbach, Switzerland, University of Minnesota, University of Michigan, Dept. Pulse Plasma Systems, IPP, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic, Masaryk University, Fac. Sci., Dept. Phys. Electronics., Czech Republic, Nagoya University, Meijo University, INRS - Energie et Materiaux, University of Notre Dame, West Virginia University, Electrodynamics and Physical Electronics Group, Brandenburg University of Technology, Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China, University of California, Berkeley, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungary, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, Brandenburg University of Technology, Germany, Photon Science Institute, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, INP Greifs\-wald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Illinois Applied Research Institute, Champaign, IL 61820, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, Sandia National Laboratories, University of Tokyo, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Sugiyama Chemical & Industry Lab., J-Chemical, Inc., Princeton Univ / PPPL, Univ of Alberta, Univ of Saskatchewan, Texas A&M University, Drexel University, National Fusion Research Institute, Old Dominion University, University of San Francisco, Samsung Electronics Co., Chonbuk National University, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Kazan National Research Technological University, Michigan State University, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Birmingham-Southern College, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Pusan National University, M.F.Stelmach’s Scientific Institute POLUS, Ghent University; Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Ghent University, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Ghent University; LPP-ERM-KMS, TEC partner, York Plasma Insitute, University of York, Department of electrical engineering, Hanyang university, Air Force Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Kharkov National University, 61022, Kharkov, Svobody Sq. 4, Ukraine, Instituto de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear, Lisboa, Portugal, Kharkov National University, Kharkov, Ukraine, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany, FIRST, Tokyo Institute of Technology, MSL, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, AFRL, INTEPH Technologies LLC, St. Petersburg State University, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Kentucky, Curtin University, Tsinghua University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Tokyo Electron America, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, ET Center, Samsung R&D Institute Japan, Instituto de Plasmas e Fuso Nuclear, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Nether- lands, Laboratory of Plasma Physics, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, UPMC, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France, William & Mary, National Institute of Aerospace, VA and Bowie State University, MD, Bowie State University, MD, Eindhoven University of Technology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Shenzhen University, Fermilab, Tech-X Corporation, Tech-X UK Ltd., Ecole Polytechnique, France, Dublin City University, Ireland, Technical University of Denmark, National Space Institute (DTU Space), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, LPP, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Palaiseau, France, INP-Greifswald, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, China, Institute for Electrical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary, National Institute for Fusion Science, Hiroshima Univ., LIPHY - CNRS UMR 5588, LSPM - CNRS UPR 3407, TU Braunschweig, Institute for Surface Technology, Bienroder Weg 54, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany, INP Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, University of Iowa, NASA-Goddard, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, MD, and University of Colorado, CO, Drake University, Ecole Polytechnique, Samsung Electronics, University of Houston, Dalian University of Technology, Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, Microwave Department, Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, Germany, Hitachi, Ltd. Research & Development Group, Sandia Natl Labs, CNRS/Polytechnique, CNRS/Université d'Orléans, Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Center for Bioelectrics & Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University, Nagoya Univ., Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, Institute of Product and Process Innovation, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Germany, Applied Materials Inc., University of York, UK, LPP-CNRS, France, Wigner Research Centre, Hungary, LPICM-CNRS, France, University of York, Synchrotron SOLEIL, LPP, Ecole Polytechnique-CNRS, Applied Materials, Inc., Ruhr-University Bochum, NFRI, Plasmapp, Seoul National University, Samsung electronics

  • Sungil Cho

    Case western Reserve University, Hokkaido University, Kyoto University, North Carolina State University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Ioffe Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Evatec AG, 9477 Truebbach, Switzerland, University of Minnesota, University of Michigan, Dept. Pulse Plasma Systems, IPP, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic, Masaryk University, Fac. Sci., Dept. Phys. Electronics., Czech Republic, Nagoya University, Meijo University, INRS - Energie et Materiaux, University of Notre Dame, West Virginia University, Electrodynamics and Physical Electronics Group, Brandenburg University of Technology, Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China, University of California, Berkeley, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungary, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, Brandenburg University of Technology, Germany, Photon Science Institute, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, INP Greifs\-wald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Illinois Applied Research Institute, Champaign, IL 61820, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, Sandia National Laboratories, University of Tokyo, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Sugiyama Chemical & Industry Lab., J-Chemical, Inc., Princeton Univ / PPPL, Univ of Alberta, Univ of Saskatchewan, Texas A&M University, Drexel University, National Fusion Research Institute, Old Dominion University, University of San Francisco, Samsung Electronics Co., Chonbuk National University, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Kazan National Research Technological University, Michigan State University, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Birmingham-Southern College, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Pusan National University, M.F.Stelmach’s Scientific Institute POLUS, Ghent University; Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Ghent University, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Ghent University; LPP-ERM-KMS, TEC partner, York Plasma Insitute, University of York, Department of electrical engineering, Hanyang university, Air Force Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Kharkov National University, 61022, Kharkov, Svobody Sq. 4, Ukraine, Instituto de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear, Lisboa, Portugal, Kharkov National University, Kharkov, Ukraine, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany, FIRST, Tokyo Institute of Technology, MSL, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, AFRL, INTEPH Technologies LLC, St. Petersburg State University, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Kentucky, Curtin University, Tsinghua University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Tokyo Electron America, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, ET Center, Samsung R&D Institute Japan, Instituto de Plasmas e Fuso Nuclear, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Nether- lands, Laboratory of Plasma Physics, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, UPMC, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France, William & Mary, National Institute of Aerospace, VA and Bowie State University, MD, Bowie State University, MD, Eindhoven University of Technology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Shenzhen University, Fermilab, Tech-X Corporation, Tech-X UK Ltd., Ecole Polytechnique, France, Dublin City University, Ireland, Technical University of Denmark, National Space Institute (DTU Space), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, LPP, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Palaiseau, France, INP-Greifswald, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, China, Institute for Electrical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary, National Institute for Fusion Science, Hiroshima Univ., LIPHY - CNRS UMR 5588, LSPM - CNRS UPR 3407, TU Braunschweig, Institute for Surface Technology, Bienroder Weg 54, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany, INP Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, University of Iowa, NASA-Goddard, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, MD, and University of Colorado, CO, Drake University, Ecole Polytechnique, Samsung Electronics, University of Houston, Dalian University of Technology, Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, Microwave Department, Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, Germany, Hitachi, Ltd. Research & Development Group, Sandia Natl Labs, CNRS/Polytechnique, CNRS/Université d'Orléans, Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Center for Bioelectrics & Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University, Nagoya Univ., Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, Institute of Product and Process Innovation, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Germany, Applied Materials Inc., University of York, UK, LPP-CNRS, France, Wigner Research Centre, Hungary, LPICM-CNRS, France, University of York, Synchrotron SOLEIL, LPP, Ecole Polytechnique-CNRS, Applied Materials, Inc., Ruhr-University Bochum, NFRI, Plasmapp, Seoul National University, Samsung electronics

  • Sungil Cho

    Case western Reserve University, Hokkaido University, Kyoto University, North Carolina State University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Ioffe Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Evatec AG, 9477 Truebbach, Switzerland, University of Minnesota, University of Michigan, Dept. Pulse Plasma Systems, IPP, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic, Masaryk University, Fac. Sci., Dept. Phys. Electronics., Czech Republic, Nagoya University, Meijo University, INRS - Energie et Materiaux, University of Notre Dame, West Virginia University, Electrodynamics and Physical Electronics Group, Brandenburg University of Technology, Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China, University of California, Berkeley, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungary, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, Brandenburg University of Technology, Germany, Photon Science Institute, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, INP Greifs\-wald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Illinois Applied Research Institute, Champaign, IL 61820, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, Sandia National Laboratories, University of Tokyo, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Sugiyama Chemical & Industry Lab., J-Chemical, Inc., Princeton Univ / PPPL, Univ of Alberta, Univ of Saskatchewan, Texas A&M University, Drexel University, National Fusion Research Institute, Old Dominion University, University of San Francisco, Samsung Electronics Co., Chonbuk National University, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Kazan National Research Technological University, Michigan State University, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Birmingham-Southern College, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Pusan National University, M.F.Stelmach’s Scientific Institute POLUS, Ghent University; Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Ghent University, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Ghent University; LPP-ERM-KMS, TEC partner, York Plasma Insitute, University of York, Department of electrical engineering, Hanyang university, Air Force Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Kharkov National University, 61022, Kharkov, Svobody Sq. 4, Ukraine, Instituto de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear, Lisboa, Portugal, Kharkov National University, Kharkov, Ukraine, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany, FIRST, Tokyo Institute of Technology, MSL, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, AFRL, INTEPH Technologies LLC, St. Petersburg State University, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Kentucky, Curtin University, Tsinghua University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Tokyo Electron America, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, ET Center, Samsung R&D Institute Japan, Instituto de Plasmas e Fuso Nuclear, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Nether- lands, Laboratory of Plasma Physics, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, UPMC, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France, William & Mary, National Institute of Aerospace, VA and Bowie State University, MD, Bowie State University, MD, Eindhoven University of Technology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Shenzhen University, Fermilab, Tech-X Corporation, Tech-X UK Ltd., Ecole Polytechnique, France, Dublin City University, Ireland, Technical University of Denmark, National Space Institute (DTU Space), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, LPP, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Palaiseau, France, INP-Greifswald, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, China, Institute for Electrical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary, National Institute for Fusion Science, Hiroshima Univ., LIPHY - CNRS UMR 5588, LSPM - CNRS UPR 3407, TU Braunschweig, Institute for Surface Technology, Bienroder Weg 54, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany, INP Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, University of Iowa, NASA-Goddard, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, MD, and University of Colorado, CO, Drake University, Ecole Polytechnique, Samsung Electronics, University of Houston, Dalian University of Technology, Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, Microwave Department, Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, Germany, Hitachi, Ltd. Research & Development Group, Sandia Natl Labs, CNRS/Polytechnique, CNRS/Université d'Orléans, Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Center for Bioelectrics & Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University, Nagoya Univ., Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, Institute of Product and Process Innovation, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Germany, Applied Materials Inc., University of York, UK, LPP-CNRS, France, Wigner Research Centre, Hungary, LPICM-CNRS, France, University of York, Synchrotron SOLEIL, LPP, Ecole Polytechnique-CNRS, Applied Materials, Inc., Ruhr-University Bochum, NFRI, Plasmapp, Seoul National University, Samsung electronics

  • Sungil Cho

    Case western Reserve University, Hokkaido University, Kyoto University, North Carolina State University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Ioffe Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Evatec AG, 9477 Truebbach, Switzerland, University of Minnesota, University of Michigan, Dept. Pulse Plasma Systems, IPP, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic, Masaryk University, Fac. Sci., Dept. Phys. Electronics., Czech Republic, Nagoya University, Meijo University, INRS - Energie et Materiaux, University of Notre Dame, West Virginia University, Electrodynamics and Physical Electronics Group, Brandenburg University of Technology, Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China, University of California, Berkeley, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungary, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, Brandenburg University of Technology, Germany, Photon Science Institute, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, INP Greifs\-wald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Illinois Applied Research Institute, Champaign, IL 61820, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, Sandia National Laboratories, University of Tokyo, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Sugiyama Chemical & Industry Lab., J-Chemical, Inc., Princeton Univ / PPPL, Univ of Alberta, Univ of Saskatchewan, Texas A&M University, Drexel University, National Fusion Research Institute, Old Dominion University, University of San Francisco, Samsung Electronics Co., Chonbuk National University, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Kazan National Research Technological University, Michigan State University, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Birmingham-Southern College, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Pusan National University, M.F.Stelmach’s Scientific Institute POLUS, Ghent University; Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Ghent University, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Ghent University; LPP-ERM-KMS, TEC partner, York Plasma Insitute, University of York, Department of electrical engineering, Hanyang university, Air Force Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Kharkov National University, 61022, Kharkov, Svobody Sq. 4, Ukraine, Instituto de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear, Lisboa, Portugal, Kharkov National University, Kharkov, Ukraine, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany, FIRST, Tokyo Institute of Technology, MSL, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, AFRL, INTEPH Technologies LLC, St. Petersburg State University, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Kentucky, Curtin University, Tsinghua University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Tokyo Electron America, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, ET Center, Samsung R&D Institute Japan, Instituto de Plasmas e Fuso Nuclear, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Nether- lands, Laboratory of Plasma Physics, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, UPMC, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France, William & Mary, National Institute of Aerospace, VA and Bowie State University, MD, Bowie State University, MD, Eindhoven University of Technology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Shenzhen University, Fermilab, Tech-X Corporation, Tech-X UK Ltd., Ecole Polytechnique, France, Dublin City University, Ireland, Technical University of Denmark, National Space Institute (DTU Space), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, LPP, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Palaiseau, France, INP-Greifswald, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, China, Institute for Electrical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary, National Institute for Fusion Science, Hiroshima Univ., LIPHY - CNRS UMR 5588, LSPM - CNRS UPR 3407, TU Braunschweig, Institute for Surface Technology, Bienroder Weg 54, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany, INP Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, University of Iowa, NASA-Goddard, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, MD, and University of Colorado, CO, Drake University, Ecole Polytechnique, Samsung Electronics, University of Houston, Dalian University of Technology, Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, Microwave Department, Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, Germany, Hitachi, Ltd. Research & Development Group, Sandia Natl Labs, CNRS/Polytechnique, CNRS/Université d'Orléans, Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Center for Bioelectrics & Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University, Nagoya Univ., Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, Institute of Product and Process Innovation, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Germany, Applied Materials Inc., University of York, UK, LPP-CNRS, France, Wigner Research Centre, Hungary, LPICM-CNRS, France, University of York, Synchrotron SOLEIL, LPP, Ecole Polytechnique-CNRS, Applied Materials, Inc., Ruhr-University Bochum, NFRI, Plasmapp, Seoul National University, Samsung electronics

  • Sungil Cho

    Case western Reserve University, Hokkaido University, Kyoto University, North Carolina State University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Ioffe Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Evatec AG, 9477 Truebbach, Switzerland, University of Minnesota, University of Michigan, Dept. Pulse Plasma Systems, IPP, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic, Masaryk University, Fac. Sci., Dept. Phys. Electronics., Czech Republic, Nagoya University, Meijo University, INRS - Energie et Materiaux, University of Notre Dame, West Virginia University, Electrodynamics and Physical Electronics Group, Brandenburg University of Technology, Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China, University of California, Berkeley, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungary, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, Brandenburg University of Technology, Germany, Photon Science Institute, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, INP Greifs\-wald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Illinois Applied Research Institute, Champaign, IL 61820, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, Sandia National Laboratories, University of Tokyo, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Sugiyama Chemical & Industry Lab., J-Chemical, Inc., Princeton Univ / PPPL, Univ of Alberta, Univ of Saskatchewan, Texas A&M University, Drexel University, National Fusion Research Institute, Old Dominion University, University of San Francisco, Samsung Electronics Co., Chonbuk National University, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Kazan National Research Technological University, Michigan State University, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Birmingham-Southern College, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Pusan National University, M.F.Stelmach’s Scientific Institute POLUS, Ghent University; Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Ghent University, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Ghent University; LPP-ERM-KMS, TEC partner, York Plasma Insitute, University of York, Department of electrical engineering, Hanyang university, Air Force Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Kharkov National University, 61022, Kharkov, Svobody Sq. 4, Ukraine, Instituto de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear, Lisboa, Portugal, Kharkov National University, Kharkov, Ukraine, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany, FIRST, Tokyo Institute of Technology, MSL, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, AFRL, INTEPH Technologies LLC, St. Petersburg State University, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Kentucky, Curtin University, Tsinghua University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Tokyo Electron America, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, ET Center, Samsung R&D Institute Japan, Instituto de Plasmas e Fuso Nuclear, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Nether- lands, Laboratory of Plasma Physics, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, UPMC, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France, William & Mary, National Institute of Aerospace, VA and Bowie State University, MD, Bowie State University, MD, Eindhoven University of Technology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Shenzhen University, Fermilab, Tech-X Corporation, Tech-X UK Ltd., Ecole Polytechnique, France, Dublin City University, Ireland, Technical University of Denmark, National Space Institute (DTU Space), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, LPP, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Palaiseau, France, INP-Greifswald, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, China, Institute for Electrical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary, National Institute for Fusion Science, Hiroshima Univ., LIPHY - CNRS UMR 5588, LSPM - CNRS UPR 3407, TU Braunschweig, Institute for Surface Technology, Bienroder Weg 54, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany, INP Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, University of Iowa, NASA-Goddard, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, MD, and University of Colorado, CO, Drake University, Ecole Polytechnique, Samsung Electronics, University of Houston, Dalian University of Technology, Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, Microwave Department, Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, Germany, Hitachi, Ltd. Research & Development Group, Sandia Natl Labs, CNRS/Polytechnique, CNRS/Université d'Orléans, Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Center for Bioelectrics & Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University, Nagoya Univ., Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, Institute of Product and Process Innovation, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Germany, Applied Materials Inc., University of York, UK, LPP-CNRS, France, Wigner Research Centre, Hungary, LPICM-CNRS, France, University of York, Synchrotron SOLEIL, LPP, Ecole Polytechnique-CNRS, Applied Materials, Inc., Ruhr-University Bochum, NFRI, Plasmapp, Seoul National University, Samsung electronics