Dynamic self-organization of microorganisms far from equilibrium

We report ultrafast laser-induced dynamic self-organization of quasi-2D confined solutions of e.coli, m.luteus, s.cerevisiae, and p.aeruginosa far from equilibrium. The laser beam has no interaction with the microorganisms; it only creates thermal gradient-induced convective flows in their growth medium. By precisely controlling these flows, we have been able to form aggregates with predetermined sizes and geometries, and manipulate the adaptive behavior of microorganisms under ‘noisy’ environments. We further demonstrate if and how these microorganisms can withstand harsh physical conditions. Last, we showcase separation of gram positive and gram negative bacteria from an initially homogenous mix.