Transition Metal Carbides Nanocomposite Based Biosensor for Organophosphate Detection

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widely used in agriculture to control various insects and pests, which pose significant health risks. Detecting OP residues is essential due to their harmful effects, driving the development of biosensors for their detection, which holds significant scientific importance. In this work, we developed an MXene-based electrochemical biosensor for detecting OPs in solutions, utilizing Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets integrated with chitosan and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). MXenes, known for their high electrical conductivity, were used to enhance the biosensor's sensitivity. The electrochemical behaviors of the CS-Ti3C2-AChE/GCE biosensor were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In our study, we used chlorpyrifos as the target OP, and based on DPV (differential pulse voltammetry) measurements, we found that our biosensor demonstrated excellent detection performance under optimal conditions. The DPV waveforms revealed a clear correlation between increasing OP concentrations and peak current, as compared to the blank solution with no OP. Additionally, the biocompatibility and non-toxicity of the biosensor, along with the high conductivity and large surface area of Ti3C2 nanosheets, contributed to its reproducibility, stability, and resistance to interference. This makes the sensor highly suitable for detecting OPs in real-world samples, showcasing its potential for practical applications.