Student Development Through Informal Physics Programs: A Qualitative Analysis of National Survey Data

Recent research has highlighted the importance of student experiences in physics beyond the classroom, particularly through informal programs (also called outreach) that support development. While small, institution-specific studies show that facilitating outreach for non-scientists can strengthen students’ physics identity, learning, and sense of belonging, broader impacts remain unclear. This study analyzes qualitative responses from a national survey distributed via the Society of Physics Students in spring 2023, focusing on students who participated in outreach. Using network analysis and Girvan-Newman clustering, six key themes emerged: community participation, resilience, transformation, audience dialog, disciplinary development, and disciplinary connectedness. The first four were highly interconnected, especially around audience interaction—a central feature of informal physics programs. Students reported that facilitating outreach enhanced their resilience and belonging, deepened their physics identity, fostered career-relevant skills, and encouraged a growth mindset.